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THE NEW ECONOMIC SOCIOLOGY AND THE STRUCTURAL EMBEDDEDNESS OF THE MARKET (Nova ekonomicka sociologia a strukturny kontext trhu)

100%
Hofreiter R.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2011
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vol. 43
|
issue 5
528-549
EN
The main aim of this article is to present contemporary theoretical developments in the economic sociology, especially an explanation of the structural context of the market. Since we have realized that current developments in economic sociology have not been fully reflected in Slovak sociology, we have adapted the structure of the text to this circumstance. The first part of article presents short characteristics of two economic theories because the current movement in the economic sociology is built on their critical reflection: the first is neoclassical economic theory used in the analysis of noneconomic phenomena (family, crime, education) and the second is the new institutional economy (the efficiency of institutions). The criticism of sociologists has led to their interest in objects of economic discipline (markets and firms). Their goal was a 'defence' of sociology through a sociological explanation of economic phenomena, and this idea is in the centre of the new economic sociology. The second part of the article presents the two main approaches of the new economic sociology: institutional embeddedness and network embeddedness. However, each of these approaches present just one part of the structural embeddedness of the market. The main challenge for economic sociology is to integrate their different conceptualizations of embeddedness. Therefore, in the third part of article, we present the integration potential of a field approach.
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Przedsiębiorczość w perspektywie koncepcji zakorzenienia działania ekonomicznego

100%
Dudek M.
Studia Socjologiczne
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2011
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issue 4(203)
155-175
PL
W artykule ukazano działanie ekonomiczne, jakim jest przedsiębiorczość, z perspektywy zakorzenienia (embeddedness). Zakorzenienie działania ekonomicznego stanowi jedno z podstawowych założeń teoretycznych współczesnej socjologii ekonomicznej. Idea ta głosi, iż aktywność podmiotów w sferze gospodarczej warunkują struktury poznawcze (cognition) i społeczne, kultura oraz polityka. Scharakteryzowano wybrane teorie i badania, które pośrednio lub bezpośrednio odwołują się do argumentu zakorzenienia w rozpoczynaniu, pro- wadzeniu i utrzymaniu działalności biznesowej. Na podstawie przedstawionej w opracowaniu analizy idei zakorzenienia działania ekonomicznego stwierdzono, że należy uznać go nie tyle za spójny koncept teoretyczny, ile raczej za schemat mogący służyć jako ramy rozważań określonych zagadnień ze sfery ekonomii. Może on pełnić funkcje porządkujące, choć nie w sposób wyczerpujący, socjologiczne podejście do zjawiska działalności gospodarczej i stanowić alternatywne spojrzenie wobec szeroko pojętej orientacji ekonomicznej.
EN
In the paper entrepreneurship is presented from the embeddedness perspective as a type of economic action. The concept of the embeddedness of economic action is one of the key theoretical foundation of contemporary economic sociology. According to this idea the economic activity is determined by cognition, social structures, culture and politics. Selected theories are described, as well as empirical studies concerning setting up, running and maintaining a firm, directly or indirectly situated in the embeddedness paradigm. Based on the analysis of the embeddedness theory, the author argues that embeddedness is not a coherent theoretical concept but rather a potential framework for investigating various economic issues. It constitutes a scheme which could organize sociological approach to economic activity in a way alternative to economics.
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