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Potoczna percepcja sytuacji międzynarodowej. Poznawcze predyktory postaw wobec znaczących zdarzeń międzynarodowych

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Chmielewski K., Skarzyńska K.
Psychologia Społeczna
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2007
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vol. 2
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issue 2(4)
120-131
EN
This paper presents the role of some cognitive predictors: (1) the level of perceived entitativity of the EU, (2) perception of the UE-USA relationship on the enemy-ally dimension, (3) the level of generalized trust in people, and 4/ the level of trust in international institutions (UN, NATO, EU) - in forming positive expectations about Poland’s accession to the UE, attitudes towards the presence of Polish troops in Iraq and fears of terrorism. The analyses are based on data obtained in May 2004 from guided personal interviews run on a representative random sample of Poles (N = 1000). The results of multiple regression analyses showed that Poles' expectations about Poland’s accession to the UE are more positive (the level of hope is bigger) when perceived entitativity of the EU, perceived cooperativeness between the EU and USA, generalized trust in people and trust in international institutions are higher. The same cognitive variables are significantly associated with the level of support of Polish troops in Iraq. The reversed pattern of relations was found between these cognitive variables and the level of fear of terrorism.
2

HOPE IN ENTITATIVITY? THE COGNITIVE PREDICTORS OF EXPECTATIONS OF POLES ABOUT THE CONSEQUENCES OF ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION

100%
Skarzynska K., Safron M., Wisniewska-Juszczak D.
Psychological Studies
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2006
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vol. 44
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issue 3
65-76
EN
The paper concerns the cognitive predictors of the young Poles' positive expectations about Poland's accession to the European Union. The following cognitive variables were taken under consideration in the study: perception of entitativity of the EU, perception of the EU cooperativeness related to Poland, perception of the relationship between the EU and the USA, interpersonal trust (as individual characteristic). The data were collected in April 2004, two weeks before Poland's formal accession to the EU. Participants were students of Warsaw University, Economic Academy and Agricultural Academy (n=168). In four experimental groups the level of entitativity of the EU was manipulated (by verbal instruction or by a map of the EU presentation); there was no manipulation in control group. Beside weak results of manipulation (there was no replication of effects received in American studies), it appeared that the perception of the EU's cooperativeness was the best predictor of the level of hope (positive expectations) toward the accession. The perceived entitativity of the EU and the level of interpersonal trust were also significant (and positive) predictors of hope. The results let us to conclude that also the perception of the relationship between two main international actors (the EU and the USA) carry some weight for Poles' opinions about the accession. It seems that the time of conducting the study could be itself a kind of manipulation - the knowledge about the EU was activated by promotion actions and/ or the EU could be already seen as the 'own group'.The positive dependence between perceived entitativity of the EU and expectations toward accession seems the logical effect of this perception. The role of interpersonal trust for these expectations seems interesting - a personal characteristic can modify how the international policy is perceived. Finally the perceived the EU - USA relations can be considered from both, historical (Poland in Europe, Polish immigrants in America) and psychological (Heider's balance theory) perspective.
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