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1

THE CO-OPERATION OF THE CONSULAR SERVICE OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND WITH MILITARY INTELLIGENCE

100%
Skóra W.
Dzieje Najnowsze
|
2004
|
issue 1
21-43
EN
The inter-war period witnessed the development of two basic forms of co-operation between the consular service and Polish military Intelligence. The first consisted of entrusting espionage to consular officials, who carried them out on the margin of their work in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, conducting 'white Intelligence' and realizing the simplest counter-Intelligence tasks.The second, more advanced and intensive form of co-operation exploited the official structures of the consulates for concealing full-time Intelligence officers. it appears that the Intelligence of the Second Republic - both shallow and strategic - benefited to a considerable degree from the support rendered by the consular service. In the basic trends of the reconnaissance performed by the Second Department of the Supreme Staff, i. e. in Germany and the Soviet Union, the participation of consulates in the organisation of Intelligence was so extensive that we may speak about a certain norm and a fragment of official pragmatic. During the 1930s Polish Intelligence networks in those countries were based on consular outposts and in order to avoid conflicts several conventions signed at the beginning of the 1920s regulated the co-operation between the consulates and the Intelligence employees. The fundamental convention, completed in January 1922, remained in force until the end of the 1930s. After the May 1926 coup d'etat that swerved Poland onto a path of building an authoritarian system of power dominated by the military, the heads of Polish Intelligence paid increasingly less attention to the opinions of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, a stand rendered possible by the influx of officers into the Ministry. In 1931 the Consular Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs found itself in the hands of former Intelligence officers. As a consequence, the significance of Intelligence officers working in consulates increased: they exerted a large impact upon the personnel policy, enjoyed independence, and to a certain extent controlled the work carried out by the consulates. This situation produced multiple conflicts, ultimately eliminated by the encroaching war.
2
Content available remote

CREDIT REFERENCE AGENCIES ( Wywiadownie gospodarcze )

100%
Kukula Z.
Kontrola Państwowa
|
2011
|
vol. 56
|
issue 6(341)
113-121
EN
Economic information and data can be treated as a product, and there are companies that specialise in gathering such data for entrepreneurs, called credit reference agencies or credit bureaus. The date provided by these companies is supposed to assist entrepreneurs in taking business decisions. In his article, the author presents the notion of economic information and industrial espionage, the legal basis for such activities in Poland, and the breaches of regulations related to the profession, which has appeared in our country only recently.
3
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THE ACTIVITY OF THE 'ROBINEAU' ESPIONAGE NETWORK IN WESTERN POMERANIA IN 1947 - 1949 (Dzialalnosc siatki szpiegowskiej 'Robineau' na terenie Pomorza Zachodniego 1947-1949)

88%
Bukowski K.
Przegląd Zachodni
|
2010
|
issue 3(336)
148-167
EN
The article discusses methods used by the communist security service against people connected with the French Consulate at Szczecin in the 1950s. Criminal proceedings were implemented, repressions affecting a large number of people, most of whom had nothing at all to do with the case. The basic evidence, which was deemed to attest to their espionage activity, was that they pleaded guilty - an admittance coerced by tortures. In reality, the Robineau espionage network included merely several persons and its activity was in fact 'harmless', as it consisted in collecting information of no significance to Poland's defense or the citizens' security.
4

CZECHOSLOVAKIA AGAINST WILLIAM NATHAN OATIS

75%
Michálek S.
|
2007
|
vol. 55
|
issue suppl. issue
137 – 159
EN
The story of the American journalist W. N. Oatis’ time in 1950s Prague is an integral part of Cold War history. It is a document on the non-democratic or totalitarian atmosphere in Communist Czechoslovakia where the state police was very powerful. Oatis’s case followed the traditional scenario. Oatis was first followed by the state police, then arrested and accused of espionage. In the year 1950 he was sentenced to 10 years in prison. This process had two political dimensions – the internal and external. From the viewpoint of the internal context the state police proved links between some domestic political representatives and the imperialistic West; from the viewpoint of the external context this process proved that Czechoslovakia was not afraid of the USA. Oatis’ case was accompanied by intensive Czechoslovak-American diplomatic negotiations which resulted in economic and trade limitations and losses for Czechoslovakia.
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