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PL
Artykuł stanowi propozycję prezentowania wyników testów pytań porównawczych na podstawie Empirycznego Systemu Oceny oraz danych normatywnych, które pozwalają ustalić poziom wiarygodności danego rozstrzygnięcia. Tę prostą w zastosowaniu metodę oceny reakcji psychofizjologicznych zaprezentowano na zapisach z kryminalistycznych badań poligraficznych.
EN
The paper presents the way of presentation of Comparison Questions Test results using Empirical Scoring System and normative data that allow to determine the degree of reliability of the decision. This easy-to-use method for assessing psychophysiological reactions is presented on the basis of polygrams from a forensic examinations.
EN
In this study we examined the health of the ageing population of East-Central Europe. Data derived from the 6th round of the European Social Survey. The aim of our research was to examine the most important factors that determine ageing people’s health status. We paid particular attention to the social ties of our target group.
EN
The main purpose of this paper is to present results of the project “European Social Survey”, which is focused on individual security according to the Slovak respondent perceptions by the means of two monitored indicators: the characteristic of security situation and the personal experiences with the criminality. There were compared results from two rounds realised in the Slovak Republic (the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and the 5th round), together with investigation of a relation between the personal education and individual security perception. The results from other participating countries were also presented in order to illustrate a reciprocal comparison of the findings (results from the all realised rounds).
EN
We have developed our analyses based on the assumption that happiness indicates the positive emotional harmony with oneself, in particular with: a) personal status; b) living conditions and c) life perspectives. We consider the feeling of happiness registered in 2016/17 by the Eighth wave of the European Social Survey (ESS). Our main research questions here are why people in different European countries feel or do not feel happy; what the main factors influencing this feeling are, what their strongest impact is, and what the main set of differences and similarities across different parts of Europe are. We have selected eleven ESS European countries for the analyses: Spain, Portugal, The UK, Germany, The Netherlands, Hungary, Estonia, Norway, Sweden, Poland and The Czech Republic. The main criteria for choosing them were the following: a) geographical location b) socio-political background c) economic development (Mature vs. Emerging economies). In this analysis we have used the sociological interpretations of happiness (Tilkidgiev, 2006; Veenhoven, 2008; Durand & Exton, 2019; Dimova & Dimov, 2010; OECD, 2017; Peasgood, Foster, & Dolan, 2019). Empirical evidences from the ESS suggest that happiness is not equal to life satisfaction –neither in daily nor from more general perspectives. In all countries, people that feel happy are more than those who are satisfied with their lives. In other words, people can feel happy even if not totally satisfied with their life as a whole. In the European context, the strongest determinants of happiness are age, health, income, religion and education.
EN
Numerous studies into the links between interpersonal trust and confidence in state institutions have been conducted since Putnam made the study of trust popular in the early 1990s. As might be expected, both interpersonal and institutional trust tend to be strongly correlated at the individual and the aggregate country level. However, there have been no attempts to determine whether (i) interpersonal trust results from trust in political institutions, (ii) whether the reverse is the case-confidence in government is a precondition for the development of individual trust, or (iii) there are purely reciprocal associations between these attitudes that would appear empirically as a lack of causality. Using data from the European Social Survey 2010 we test these three possibilities using a recursive model
PL
W pracy podjęto próbę wykorzystania modelowania wielopoziomowego do określenia determinant ryzyka bezrobocia oraz skali heterogeniczności przestrzennej zjawiska. W analizie skoncentrowano się w głównej mierze na indywidualnych cechach respondentów. W związku z powyższym wykorzystano bazę danych ESS, która umożliwia budowę struktury trzypoziomowej (poziom mikro, mezo i makro) oraz zawiera szereg informacji charakteryzujących osoby pozostające bez pracy.
7
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Věk jako zdroj sociální identity

71%
EN
The article examines age as a possible group identity. It sets out to determine which age groups in society today have a stronger sense of identity and the source of that identity, while drawing on the tenets of social psychology and the theories of social identity and optimal distinctiveness. The latter two theories provide insight into the motives for identification with social groups, but see different needs at the heart of this identification, and thus offer alternative hypotheses of age as a source of status and positive self-image versus age as a source of distinctiveness and a ‘substitute’ source of identity. The analysis is based on representative data for the Czech population over the age of 20 drawn from the European Social Survey Round 4 and the International Social Survey Programme 2003. It shows that self-categorisation into the verbally defined age groups of young, middle-aged, and old is indeed common. It also reveals a much stronger level of peer group self-identification among the youngest and oldest respondents, despite the low social status of these age groups. The article closes with a discussion of the varying significance age has as a source of social identity and the invalidity of the hypothesis that age group identification is dependent on the social status of its members.
8
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Kdo je mladý/střední/starý?

71%
EN
The aim of this study is to find out which characteristics affect the age identity of individuals. The main question is: What determines whether the people in the Czech Republic find themselves young, middle aged or old? Two alternative hypotheses were tested: a) the age identity is mainly influenced by person’s family and working roles; b) the age identity is primarily a function of person’s chronological age and his health. While the second hypothesis understands the age identity as an ordinal variable, the first hypothesis views values of youth, middle age and old age as three different nominal constructs. The question is answered by analysis of quantitative data from European Social Survey Round 4. The sample contains 1864 respondents aged 20-95. Author uses binary logistic regression to find models for adopting age identities in different age categories. The second hypothesis of age identity being primarily an effect of age and health is proved. The influence of some family and working roles on age identity are, however, also discussed.
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