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1

Ile jest autorytaryzmu w prawicowym autorytaryzmie? Krytyka użyteczności narzędzia pomiaru

100%
Radkiewicz P.
Psychologia Społeczna
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2011
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vol. 6
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issue 2(17)
97-112
EN
The Right-Wing Authoritarianism Scale (RWA), developed by Robert Altemeyer, is the most popular measure of authoritarianism. According to many critics, RWA scale measures mostly conservative-traditional ideology, characteristic for the radical Right. Such opinion is inconsistent with Altemeyer’s position, who clearly distinguishes between authoritarianism and conservative ideology. However, if it was true, it would also run contrary to basic principles of scientific reasoning. Researchers could not be certain whether their conclusions, drawn from the RWA score, concern authoritarianism or the right-wing worldview. The author made an attempt to answer the doubts by analyzing the – fundamental for the theory of authoritarianism – relationship between RWA and ethnocentrism. He presents several analysis based on data from a survey conducted on the random sample of adult Poles (N = 400). The results show that cumulative effect of rightwing ideology contained in RWA explains 60 percent of the RWA variance, with the remaining 40 percent due to effects of non-ideological factors. Further analyses prove that the right-wing authoritarianism cannot be seen as the main source of the ethnocentric in-group bias and out-group hostility. It seems then that it is not the RWA but the contained in the RWA large loading of the conservative-traditional world view which is responsible for ethnocentric attitudes. In the light of the presented results one may claim that the utility of the RWA scale is doubtful.
2

ETHNOCENTRIC BEHAVIOUR IN THE SLOVAK POPULATION: DO SLOVAKS PURCHASE SLOVAK DAIRY PRODUCTS?

100%
Lesáková D.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
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2016
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vol. 64
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issue 8
795 – 807
EN
The aim of our paper is threefold: 1. to examine consumers´ ethnocentric tendencies in dairy product category; 2. to investigate how demographic variables (age, gender, income and education) influence ethnocentric tendencies, and 3. to explore the impact of ethnocentrism on the willingness to buy domestic products. A sample of 265 respondents was employed in the research to collect the empirical data. To explore the impact of demographic variables on ethnocentrism in Slovak population and to prove the interaction hypotheses, one-way ANOVA tests and linear regression model were employed. The results of the research indicate that consumer ethnocentricity is a significant factor that should be taken into account in creating promotional campaigns for dairy products.
3
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SEXUALITY IN JUDAISM. ANALYSIS OF SELECTED RELIGIOUS RULES DEFINING SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR (Seksualnosc w judaizmie z perspektywy psychologicznej. Analiza wybranych przepisów religijnych regulujacych zachowania seksualne)

88%
Arcimowicz B.
Lud
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2009
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vol. 93
141-158
EN
Any discussion of the factors determining people's sexual behaviour should take into account the cultural context in which such behaviour is exhibited. When a researcher or therapist disregards this context, his/her inference lacks important input data. Psychologists, who study human beings, are frequently accused of ignoring the cultural context. However, development of such areas as psychology of culture and intercultural psychology helps to change this approach. More and more often psychologists look for an answer to the most important question - 'why does somebody behave in this particular way?' and they study human behaviour 'with culture in the background'. Researchers, who try to include culture in studies on individual sexual behaviour encounter the barrier of their own ethnocentrism and often that of the lack of knowledge about the rules of sexuality existing in traditions other than their own. Knowledge of these norms helps them better understand the diversity of sexual behaviour, the diversity of taboo areas. It also helps them to look at their own, culturally conditioned sexual behaviour reflexively. In this article the authoress presents the cultural context of some sexual behaviour in Judaism (e.g. related to marriage, birth control, homosexual practices).
4
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AGAINST SINOCENTRISM: INTERNAL ORIENTALISM IN WORLD LITERATURE

88%
Kim W.-D.
World Literature Studies
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2022
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vol. 14
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issue 2
31 - 47
EN
Much discussion of the world literature, as seen in the theories of Franco Moretti and Pascale Casanova, is still not entirely able to rid itself of Eurocentric and Western-centric biases. More recently, Zhang Longxi, as a leading Chinese cross-cultural scholar, despite his good intentions, displays Sinocentric limitations by claiming that imperial China “functioned as a centre in the East Asian region”. Based on the assumption that Zhang’s argument is emblematic of a larger current of Sinocentrism in China, this article argues that East Asian countries, most notably Korea and Japan, developed their own literatures and cultures, although they have been influenced by Chinese culture. This article calls for a more globally-oriented paradigm and asserts that any form of ethnocentrism, Eurocentric or Sinocentric, is injurious, or even fatal, to the salutary development of the world literature.
5

Several reasons why social anomie and political alienation may influence ethnocentric attitudes. The compensating role of authoritarian-paranoid beliefs

75%
Radkiewicz P.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2007
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vol. 38
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issue 1
5-14
EN
This article is an attempt to ascertain whether it is possible that a permanent experience of helplessness, senselessness and alienation from socio-political reality leads to an individual having ethnocentric attitudes. The supposition that there is a causal relation between the two phenomena would imply that people who feel lost and disoriented tend to have a strong sense of national identity. The empirical data used in the analyses was taken from a survey conducted among a nationwide representative sample of adult Poles (N=1522). The set of hierarchical regression analyses showed that the relations which were observed can be explained as being the effect of the joint operation of two separate mechanisms. Firstly, this is influenced partly by the fact that growing ethnocentrism and increasing anomie and alienation are common among elderly and poorly-educated people. The second mechanism consist of finding that people who experience feelings of socio-political senselessness and helplessness have a tendency to look for compensation in authoritarian-paranoid worldviews. It would seem that authoritarian-paranoid beliefs can be seen as being a mediator between social anomie and political alienation, on the one hand, and ethnocentric attitudes on the other.
6

Strukturální antropologie a „konec člověka“

75%
Svec O.
Teorie vědy (Theory of Science)
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2009
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vol. 31
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issue 1
19-48
EN
According to the traditional interpretation, Levi-Strauss' structural anthropology deposes the concept of man and the notion of human nature from its central place in human and social sciences. While it is necessary to acknowledge Levi-Strauss' distance vis-a-vis all philosophy based on intentionality, experience and consciousness of subject, the author argues that the most interesting purpose of the structural anthropology lies elsewhere. Not only Levi-Strauss never declared himself being part of anti-humanism movement, but most of all, his famous polemics with Sartre at the end of 'La Pensee sauvage' should be interpreted as part of his fight against ethnocentrism. The project of 'dissolving the man' can be thus read as deconstructing the idea that western man makes of himself in the light of ethnological findings about universal structures orchestrating all human societies. He further shows that the notion of subject survived its very death announced by the most radical structuralist thinkers and that structural method could be effectively employed in order to study different techniques and modes of subjectivation, revealing that 'becoming subject' is a process structured by our language, symbolic universe and ethical teleology
7

THE EVOLUTION OF ETHNOCENTRISM

63%
Marosan G.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
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2008
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vol. 63
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issue 4
709-731
EN
The article - based on the latest results - reconstruct the main steps of evolution ethnocentrism. It identifies the most important stages of the development of ethnocentrism within the societies. In the past years - besides analyzing the other-regarding behavior - more and more experiments were carried out to examine definitely the effect of ethnocentric behavior, and the formation of this kind of behavior during the socialization. The article argues that it is useful to differentiate between the stages of emergence of ethnocentrism. Analyzing the complex phenomena of ethnocentric behavior one can separate as distinct stages the emergence of the ethnocentric psychological attitude, than stereotyping and prejudices, and finally the emergence of complex ethnocentric ideology, as a social institution.
8

CIVILIZATION AND DEMOCRACY: THE ETHNOCENTRIC DISCOURSE IN SOCIAL SCIENCES

63%
Korstanje M.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
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2010
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vol. 13
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issue 3
-
EN
Every empire is certainly erected in basis with a sentiment of superiority over the rest of world. This sentiment is based upon what scholars denominate ethnocentrism. To a greater or lesser degree, all civilizations are more and less ethnocentric at time valorises certain values in detriment of others. Nowadays, the Anglo-Empire (primarily conformed by US and UK) puts emphasis on the terrorism as one of main threats West should face in next years. The World Trade Centre´s episode marked the end and beginning of a new era wherein the ontological and perceived security played an important role in the international agenda. Countries that prioritized their security as a primary strategy highlighted the needs of a preventive war against terrorist cells in Middle East. Under such a context, the present paper theoretically examines to what an extent the Anglo-centrism not only is still present in social sciences but also it determines a discourse wherein the democracy and civilization are valorised over the other aspects. To fulfil this goal, we substantially reviewed two important works authored by the political scientist Samuel-Phillip Huntington. They are: The Third Wave. Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century and The Clash of Civilizations: Remaking of World Order. It is important to mention even though there are ethnocentric elements in these early mentioned works, this does not entail Huntington has wittingly elaborated his argument to legitimate the Bush's war-on-terror. Otherwise, we convincingly argue Huntington's thesis has been manipulated by politicians and some scholars to vindicate the 'American Way'.
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