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EN
In order to remove economic regional disparities, the European Union is realizing a cohesion policy. It is justified economically and socially. It is however conditioned by an acceptance of an active role of the Union and member states in the economy, and therefore a permission for cross-national interventionism. The mechanism of the cohesion policy is based on transfers, and then its essence is redistribution of incomes in order to support selected regions and unfavoured social groups. The main aim of the herein article is to evaluate the influence of the cohesion policy of the European Union on the economy of the regions and economic disparities as well as to formulate recommendations, which will enhance its effectiveness. The evaluation of the Union cohesion policy is not easy. We have to, however, separate its influence from other factors affecting the social-economic situation of the regions. Most of the studies and analyses indicates a positive influence of programmes of the cohesion policy on the economic growth, the situation in the labour market and other economic rates. It has however many imperfections. The controversies are evoked mainly by unsuccessful attempts to reach the main goal, that is social, economic and territorial cohesion. It does not mean the negation of the results of numerous researches, which confirm a positive influence of the cohesion policy on the economic growth. Those and other research methods confirm in fact, that the structural funds contribute to the growth of GDP per capita and to the reduction of unemployment.
EN
The article presents and analyses some implications of the EU enlargement for the EU – 27, for new member states and for Poland after two years.
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2015
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vol. 60
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issue 3 (362)
46-59
EN
The Supreme Audit Office of Poland has carried out an audit of the preparations of the structural policy implementation system for the years 2014–2020. The objective of the audit was to examine, among others, the regularity and effectiveness of the activities undertaken by the Minister of Infrastructure and Development, and the managements of all the 16 regions with regard to the development of the partnership agreement, as well as national and regional operational programmes. Before the audit, a panel of experts was organised, with the participation of scientists, representatives of the government and self-government administration, non-governmental organisations and a member of the European Parliament. The audit approach adopted was not a typical one, since the audit was carried out in the course of the development of the programming documents for the years 2014-2020, and it covered the period until the end of April 2014.
EN
Cohesion Policy has provided new impulses for development in Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) that continue to be challenged by regional disparities. This paper investigates the effects of the European Union Cohesion Policy on regional development. After presenting historical development patterns of the investigated area and opportunities afforded by this policy, its effects on a variety of indicators are analysed for the period 2007–2014. The analysis allowed confirming positive effects of EU Cohesion Policy on the development of CEE regions. However, these effects differ across the investigated area. Moving forward, it will be crucial to develop institutions and policies characteristic to each region that are stable and efficient without external funds.
EN
Nowadays Poland is one of the biggest beneficiaries of EU Cohesion Policy. One of its aims is European Territorial Cooperation although the share of Polish beneficiaries in the European Territorial Cooperation Programmes is insufficient, especially in transnational and interregional projects. The goal of the article is the evaluation of the role of the European Territorial Cooperation Programmes in Poland in the light of financial perspectives 2007-2013 and the next programming period. The first part of this article is devoted to the framework of the European Territorial Cooperation Programmes. The second part deals with the research methodology. The research involved beneficiaries and the institutions of the European Territorial Cooperation Programmes. The third part presents research results. In the final part of this article the authors point at the main conclusions and recommendations following the research.
EN
Cohesion Policy has provided new impulses for development in Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) that continue to be challenged by regional disparities. This paper investigates the effects of the European Union Cohesion Policy on regional development. After presenting historical development patterns of the investigated area and opportunities afforded by this policy, its effects on a variety of indicators are analysed for the period 2007–2014. The analysis allowed confirming positive effects of EU Cohesion Policy on the development of CEE regions. However, these effects differ across the investigated area. Moving forward, it will be crucial to develop institutions and policies characteristic to each region that are stable and efficient without external funds.
PL
W artykule autor analizuje skalę wyzwań stojących przed Polską w kontekście absorpcji środków europejskich przyznanych naszemu krajowi w ramach polityki spójności. Autor stawia tezę, że cel polityki spójności UE, czyli zapewnienie Wspólnocie zrównoważonego rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego oraz powstanie innowacyjnego społeczeństwa opartego na wiedzy, nie będzie zrealizowany bez ekonomicznego sukcesu Polski, którego urzeczywistnienie wymaga optymalnego wykorzystania środków finansowych przyznanych w ramach polityki spójności oraz podjęcia szeregu reform dostosowujących polską gospodarkę jak i społeczeństwo do standardów obowiązujących w wysokorozwiniętych krajach UE.
PL
Wielkość i struktura transferów są jedną z głównych determinant skali oddziaływania polityki spójności (NPR i NSRO) na rozwój społeczno-gospodarczy badanych regionów obok siły keynesowskiego mechanizmu mnożnikowego, parametrów determinujących skalę efektów podażowych oraz początkowych zasobów infrastrukturalnych, kapitału ludzkiego i technicznego uzbrojenia pracy. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zbadanie wpływu, jaki na wyniki kontrfaktualnej analizy oddziaływania NPR i NSRO na gospodarki polskich województw mają zmiany prognoz publicznych środków finansowych. Przy zastosowaniu 16 makroekonomicznych modeli HERMIN gospodarek polskich województw przeprowadzono symulacje dla okresu 2004–2020, wykorzystując dane finansowe Ministerstwa Infrastruktury i Rozwoju (MIR) udostępniane w latach 2008–2013. Rezultaty badania wskazały, że roczne błędy prognozy transferów unijnych na poziomie regionalnym sięgają nawet 229%, natomiast błędy prognoz alokacji osiągają poziom nawet 32%. Brak trafności prognoz transferów unijnych oraz ich zmienność powodują zniekształcenie wyników badań makroekonomicznych oddziaływania polityki spójności na procesy rozwojowe nawet o 88% w przypadku wyników rocznych i do 40% w przypadku wyników skumulowanych.
EN
The scale and structure of EU funds are one of the key determinants of Cohesion Policy impacts on socio-economic regional development, along with the magnitude of the Keynesian multiplier mechanism, spill-over elasticities, initial stocks of infrastructure, or human and physical capital. The aim of the paper is to analyze how changes in forecasts of Cohesion Policy public financial resources (available in NDPs & NSRFs) affect a counterfactual analysis of the Cohesion Policy impacts on the Polish NUTS-2 regional economies. On the basis of the financial data from the Polish Ministry of Infrastructure and Development which were made available in the years 2008−2013, simulations were carried out for the period 2004−2020 using 16 macroeconomic HERMIN models for the Polish regions. The results show that yearly forecast errors of the EU funds at the regional level account for up to 229%, and the forecast errors of allocations of the EU funds amount even to 32%. The inaccuracy of the forecasts of the EU payments and their volatility considerably distort the results of macroeconomic research of the Cohesion Policy impacts on development processes – even by 88% in the case of the yearly results, and by 49% in the case of cumulative results.
PL
Dążąc do uzyskania pozycji światowego lidera w wymiarze politycznym i gospodarczym, Unia Europejska od blisko dwóch dekad stara się realizować politykę rozwoju opartą na rozwoju społeczeństwa informacyjnego, budowie innowacyjnej Gospodarki Opartej na Wiedzy oraz ochronie środowiska naturalnego i jego zasobów. Rozwój oraz modernizacja Unii Europejskiej i jej państw członkowskich zależą obecnie od efektów wdrażania realizowanej od 2010 r. strategii rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego Europa 2020. Przedmiotem zainteresowania autora pracy są perspektywy wdrażania strategii Europa 2020. Analizując stopień realizacji wybranych wskaźników strategii oraz społeczno-gospodarcze uwarunkowania rozwoju Unii Europejskiej i jej państw członkowskich, autor opracowania próbuje rozstrzygnąć kwestię możliwości pełnego wdrożenia interesującej go strategii do roku 2020.
EN
Striving to become a world leader in political and economic terms, the European Union has been pursuing development policy based on the development of information society, building an innovative knowledge economy and protecting the environment and its resources for nearly two decades. The development and modernisation of the European Union and its Member States are currently dependent on the effects of the implementation of the Europe 2020 socio-economic development strategy realised since 2010. The author of the work is interested in the prospects for the implementation of the Europe 2020 Strategy. Analysing the degree of the realisation of selected indicators of the strategy and socio-economic determinants of the development of the European Union and its Member States the author attempt to resolve the issue of the possibility of full implementation of the strategy by 2020.
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