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System Regulacji Energetyki – niezależny organ regulacyjny w kontekście trzeciego pakietu energetycznego

100%
Nowak B.
Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs
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2010
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issue 3
111-128
EN
New market-oriented regulation for network industries requires an active national regulatory authority which is independent from the influence of market players as well as from day-to-day governmental interference. The domestic regulatory authorities need to be legally and functionally separate from any other public or private entity; moreover, their employees as well as decision makers need to act independently of the interests of any particular market player, any government body, or any other public or private entity. For this reason, the national regulatory authorities need to have legal, personnel, and budgetary autonomy as well as appropriate human and financial resources and independent management. Third legislative package proposed by the Commission is about to strengthen national regulatory agencies giving them independence of the legal person and a budgetary autonomy. Further on propositions of the package clear up the competencies of national regulators in the way that they should exercise monitoring of implementation of directives on energy liberalization, analyze investments plans of transmission network operators, observe for transparency the market and competition and protect consumers. All these measures aim to equip regulators with legal, functional and financial independence from the market players and from the government authorities.
2

THE EXTERNAL DIMENSION OF THE EU ENERGY SECURITY

100%
Zieniewicz A.
Yearbook of Polish European Studies
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2010
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vol. 13
205-239
EN
In the article the Author examines the current natural gas demand and supply of the EU and the possible changes in the near future. The constantly growing natural gas demand and decrease in domestic gas production makes the EU more and more dependent on foreign energy suppliers, particularly, on Russia. Therefore, the external relations of EU with present and potential gas suppliers and transit countries are playing crucial role in ensuring EU energy security. The Author also analyses the potential threats for the EU energy security that may pose aggressive external energy policy of Russia and China.
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