Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 6

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  EUGENICS
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
1

Social Eugenics of XIX and XX Centuries in Historical and Philosophical Context

100%
Sahaj T.
Archiwum Historii Filozofii i Mysli Spolecznej (Archives of the History of Philosophy and of Social Thought)
|
2006
|
vol. 50-51
277-294
EN
The article, is aimed at presenting the main conceptions of eugenics movement and its social consequences. 'Improvements of societies' were often executed at the expense of individuals or the whole social groups which were considered inferior species. Thousands of people were sterilized (e. g. in the USA) or eliminated (as in fascist Germany). That is why the word 'eugenics' arouses negative feelings nowadays. Unexpectedly however, eugenics is again in favour in a completely new social context.
2
Content available remote

CHINA'S EUGENICS LAW IN THE LIGHT OF CULTURAL BIOETHICS

51%
Strzadala A.
Archeus. Studia z bioetyki i antropologii filozoficznej
|
2006
|
vol. 7
105-114
EN
The text is concerned with the reception of China's Eugenic Law that was introduced in 1995. Eugenics is perceived and judged differently in different cultures. In western bioethics opponents of eugenics claim that it is a violation of basic human ethical rules. Advocates of eugenic law substantiate their position referring to the specificity of Chinese culture and undermine the existence of a universal system of values. Representatives of Chinese bioethics, who support the eugenic law, mainly refer to Confucian philosophy. The reception of eugenics in different cultures is a part of a bigger problem - ethical implications of the development of science and technology. Again, it raises the question about the existence of objective and universal values.
3

ETIKA BIOTECHNOLOGICKÝCH ZÁSAHOV DO ĽUDSKÉHO GENÓMU: ARGUMENTY RIZIKOVOSTI A ZNIČENIA ĽUDSKEJ PRIRODZENOSTI

44%
Sýkora P.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2015
|
vol. 70
|
issue 5
329 – 342
EN
Until recently, there has been a wide consensus among bioethicists about ethical red line connecting somatic and germ-line gene interventions. From the end of the 1990s this demarcation line has started to be undermined. Recently, mitochondrial replacement techniques which cross this borderline have been legalized in Britain. In addition, new very precise gene-editing techniques CRISPR/Cat9 have already been applied in experiments on human embryos. In reaction, some scientists call for moratorium on human germ-line experiments in a letter to the journal Nature. The aim of this paper is to reconsider in the light of recent scientific achievements concerning the complexity of human genome two frequently used arguments against inheritable genetic modifications: that of a high risk of destroying human genome and that of the necessity to protect human nature.
4

EUGENICS IN 20s OF XX CENTURY IN UKRAINE (Yevhenika v 20-kh rokakh v Ukrayini)

38%
Romanets O. V.
Nauka ta naukoznavstvo (Science and Science of Science)
|
2010
|
issue 3
69-82
EN
The history of eugenics, the origin and definition of this term is given, with reference to contributions by European scientists and theories. The history of eugenics in pre-revolutionary and post-revolutionary Russia is shown, with the conclusion about the significant role of eugenics in opening institutes in genetic field within the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. As can be seen from analysis of scientific and other sources, eugenic ideas were subject of discussions and concern in Ukraine in 20s, and eugenics in Ukraine was introduced in that time mainly in form of social hygiene and studies of hereditary decease, in view of social calamities afflicting Ukraine in times of I world war, the revolution and the civil war: mass-scale starvation, dying out, gender imbalance, nervous and psychic dysfunctions, the extremely high mortality rate and the declining birth rate, spread of epidemic and social decease, along with the total ruining of the system for local medical aid existing in pre-revolutionary period. Dissemination of eugenic ideas in Ukraine of that period allowed for creating the network of research centers in the field, medical and genetic advisory stations, tuberculosis and psychiatric clinics etc., and, eventually, for establishing a new system for public health care. Genetic studies were subject of deep scientists' concern. Detailed account is given about research effort and organizational undertakings by Ukrainian scientists of that period, mainly psychiatrists and neuropathologists.
5

IDEA „VYLEPŠOVANIA ČLOVEKA“ Z HĽADISKA FILOZOFIE PRAGMATIZMU

38%
Višňovský E.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2015
|
vol. 70
|
issue 5
343 – 355
EN
The author presents the current context and key issues connected with the trans-humanist idea of human enhancement. He argues that from the philosophical point of view human enhancement is the continuation of the ancient ideas of human perfection and perfectionism. These ideas, when taken abstractedly, separated from other ethical ideas such as happiness, dignity, self-care and self-control, might lead to problematic consequences. Further, the paper gives an account of pragmatist philosophical humanism which at some points may look as a precursor of transhumanism or its close ally. However, the author’s conclusion is that pragmatist humanism while supporting „transformism“ keeps in mind the meaning of human endeavours which it sees in good life and good society rather than in radical enhancement of human biological nature via technology.
6

BIOSOCIALITA: SOCIÁLNE DÔSLEDKY BIOVEDECKÉHO POZNANIA

38%
Tomašovičová J.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2015
|
vol. 70
|
issue 5
356 – 366
EN
Due to recent researches in modern genetics and their practical applications, we are witnesses to the change of contemporary society as well as its social and political mechanisms. The article focuses on Rabinow’s concept of bio-sociality as a new form of communality and creating identity. Nowadays neither ethical patterns nor social mechanisms are as well-grounded as they used to be. This new bio-sociality is intended to oppose the familiar socio-biology. First, the potential analytical power of the concept of bio-sociality is under discussion followed by the determination of the aspects not taken into account by Rabinow. Second, the paper tries to answer a wider question of whether the linkage between some contemporary political power practices and the eugenic strategies of the past does not contradict the very new vision of bio-sociality proposed by Rabinow.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.