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1

THE EFFECT OF THE JUDGEMENTS OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE DOMESTIC LEGAL ORDER

100%
Grzegorczyk P.
Polish Yearbook of International Law
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2008
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vol. 28
39-82
EN
As far as the openness with which the Polish judicial system should respond to the judgments of the ECHR is concerned, there is no reason for any far-reaching anxiety, because the influence and contribution of the Tribunal to the development of safeguards in civil proceedings is unquestionable. The Convention itself is perceived as the codification of present standards in this field, which is clearly visible, in particular in international civil procedure law. In the discussion concerning the influence of the Court's awards on final and binding domestic judgments one cannot forget - and the Tribunal itself also bears it in mind - that awarding a sound judgment in a civil proceeding is a task which is not always achieved. One of the fundamental elements of the right of access to courts is the right to obtain a specific judicial decision which is not temporary, but binding and permanent, which thereby allows the parties to regulate their legal affairs with full confidence in its content and applicability.
2

NA ROZMEDZÍ MEDZI ZÁKONNOSŤOU VÄZBY A NESTRANNOSŤOU SUDCU V TRESTNOM KONANÍ

80%
Mokrá I.
Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)
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2023
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vol. 106
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issue 1
51 – 63
EN
The requirement of legal decision-making in criminal proceedings has never been more desirable than in the era in which we are witnesses of numerous procedural errors leading to the violation of fundamental rights and freedoms, especially the right to personal freedom. In this regard, it is therefore not surprising that the decision making practice of judges in criminal proceedings is currently facing considerable media pressure, which after recent legislative changes concerning the shortening of the term of collusive custody, or the declaration of an explicit requirement for judges to consider the reasonableness of the accusation when deciding on custody, increased even more. However, the contribution in question looks at the issue of decision-making about custody through the lens of the right to a fair trial before an independent and impartial court.
3
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THE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS OF THE PERSON AND THE CITIZEN AND THE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS (Prawa konstytucyjne czlowieka... w Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej a prawa podstawowe Unii Europejskiej. Analiza porownawcza)

80%
Morawska E. H.
Przegląd Sejmowy
|
2009
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issue 1(90)
31-53
EN
Typical of the human rights law doctrine is considerable definitional confusion and terminological diversity, fully confirmed by the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU and Poland's Consititution. Despite some difference, the two documents are the normative sources of human rights. If, however, a creative function in the sphere of constitutional freemdoms, rights and obligations may be attributed to Poland's Constitution, no such functions may be attributed to the Charter. This results from the limitations on the application of the Charter as well as the reference to external sources of fundamental rights. Those sources include: common constitutional traditions of Member States, the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and Additional Protocols along with the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights and the Treaties establishing the European Community. Human rights may be divided into three categories: Treaty rights, conventional rights and constitutional rights. This division is founded on the jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice. One may also indicate divisions common to the two documents. Both the Charter and the constitution, apart from specifying the rights of subjective nature also proclaim policies (programme norms), which indicate only 'aim and direction of conduct' to the obliged parties. However, in addition to absolute rights and freedoms. there are also relatively protected rights and freedoms. The two catalogues of rights and freedoms are also extensively diversified in relation to their subjects, but they are deeply rooted in the right of each human being to be treated as subject rather object. This attribute should be associated with human dignity which both the Charter and Poland's Constitution invoke. Nevertheless, the Constitution of the Republic of Poland gives it expressly the status of a source of human rights, while the Charter considers it as one of universal and inalienable values and treats it as as a foundation of human rights. The above-mentioned values constitute the criteria of functional division of fundamental rights. The Charter, therefore, does not refer to objective classification of rights and freedoms whic are appealed to in Poland's Consitution. The catalogue of rights and freedons is complemented by measures for their defence, which actually determine the position and function of a document proclaiming human rights and the real scope of their protection. These measures, including the right to court, are plainly specified in Poland's Constitution where they form a particular list, but there is no such a list in the Charter, which fact may indicate a limitation on its creative function in the field of fundamental rights.
4

OCHRANA OSOBITNÝCH ZÁUJMOV A KONTRADIKTÓRNOSŤ V PROCESE DOKAZOVANIA S UTAJOVANÝMI SVEDKAMI

80%
Bališ J.
Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)
|
2019
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vol. 102
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issue 1
56 – 66
EN
This article is focused on the issue of protecting particular interests, which interferes with the rights of the defence, when performing evidence in criminal proceedings. In special cases where the life and health of the witness or the public interest may be endangered, the law permits the limitation of the defendant‘s fundamental rights and freedoms only if certain basic conditions guarantee the fairness of the trial and minimize the interference with the defendant‘s right to a proper defence respecting the principles of the contradictory nature of the evidence process. In my contribution, I deal mainly with witness testimony obtained from a person whose identity is in the criminal proceedings confidential. I refer to the rules that have emerged from the case law of the European Court of Human Rights on how to handle a collision of special interests.
5
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“Historical Situations” in the Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg

80%
Kaminski I.
Polish Yearbook of International Law
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2010
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vol. 30
9-60
EN
This Article investigates how the European Court of Human Rights becomes competent to make decisions in cases concerning (or taking roots in) 'historical situations' preceding the ratification of the European Convention by a given Member State or even the enactment of the Convention. 'Historical situations' refer to events that occurred in the period of Second World War or shortly thereafter. In all such cases, the preliminary question arises whether the Court is competent temporally (ratione temporis) to deal with the application. This group of cases concerned usually allegations touching upon the right to life and the right to property. The Court had to decide if the allegation in question related to a temporally closed event (making the Court not competent) or rather to a continuous violation (where the Court could adjudicate). A specific set of legal questions arose vis-a-vis the right to life, first of all that of the autonomy of the procedural obligation to conduct an efficient investigation. The Strasbourg case law did not provide a clear answer. However, following two crucial judgements rendered by the Grand Chamber, the Court has established an interesting legal framework. Article analyses also two other situations having a historical dimension: bringing to justice those accused of war crimes or other crimes under international law (in light of the alleged conflict with the principle of nullum crimes sine lege) and pursuing authors of pro-Nazi statements or speech denying the reality of Nazi atrocities.
6

SÚBEH DISCIPLINÁRNEHO KONANIA A TRESTNÉHO KONANIA PROTI SUDCOVI

70%
Čentéš J., Beleš A.
Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)
|
2021
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vol. 104
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issue 1
39 – 53
EN
In the article, the authors pay attention to the clarification of the principle of ne bis in idem in terms of the concurrence of disciplinary proceedings and criminal proceedings in relation to the sanctioning of a judge for the same act. They focus mainly on the decision-making activities of the European Court of Human Rights, the Slovak and Czech courts. At the end of the article, they express their own opinions on the possibility of optional cessation of criminal prosecution of a judge after he was sanctioned for the same act in disciplinary proceedings.
7
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Francuski zakaz noszenia symboli religijnych w szkołach publicznych przed ETPC. Kontrowersje, uwagi, oceny

36%
Falski J.
Studia z Prawa Wyznaniowego
|
2011
|
vol. 14
79-109
PL
Artykuł stanowi próbę podsumowania i oceny francuskiej ustawy, regulującej w oparciu o zasadę laickości noszenie symboli lub ubiorów uzewnętrzniających przynależność religijną w szkołach, gimnazjach i liceach publicznych, z perspektywy ponad 7 lat obowiązywania. Analiza opiera się na wnioskach płynących z praktyki administracyjnej, orzeczniczej, a także uwag doktryny. Szczególnie interesujące, rozszerzające kontekst problemu, jest orzecznictwo Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka. Organ ten uznaje laicki model państwa za idealną okoliczność, umożliwiającą korzystanie na równych zasadach z pełnej wolności wyznania. Kwestie dotyczące laickości są we Francji wciąż żywotne, aktualne i dyskutowane, rządząca partia UMP (Union pour un Mouvement Populaire) zainicjowała w marcu 2011 wielką batalię o laickość. Fakt, że po drugiej stronie barykady znajduje się bardzo liczna mniejszość muzułmańska, nadaje temu konfliktowi, w którym kwestia noszenia chust jest na czołowym miejscu, cywilizacyjny wymiar.
EN
The article attempts to re-examine and evaluate the French secularism-driven law on conspicuous symbols or clothing manifesting religious affiliation in state elementary, junior and high schools after more than 7 years since it became effective. The analysis is based on the conclusions from the administrative practice, case law and comments made in the doctrine. Of particular interest, and at the same time broadening the context of the problem, is the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. This body considers the secular model of the state as an ideal circumstance, permitting the exercise of full religious freedom in the conditions of equality. The issues of secularism in France are invariably vital, relevant and debated; the ruling party UMP (Union pour un Mouvement Populaire) launched a new pro-secularism campaign in March 2011. The fact that the other side of the barricade is lined by a large Muslim minority makes this conflict, with its scarf ban issue being the top sticking point, raise to become a civilization clash.
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