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Dywergencja i konwergencja w rozwoju europejskiej polityki społecznej

100%
Anioł W.
Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs
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2010
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issue 4
29-62
EN
The article considers in which ways European welfare states are becoming more similar and in which ones they continue to differ. On the one hand, historical and institutional differences at national level lead to coexistence of different welfare regimes, and to divergence rather than convergence in social policy. The author identifies five principal types of welfare states in Europe: the continental, Anglo-Saxon, Nordic, Mediterranean and post-Communist ones. On the other hand, globalization, regional integration, demographic changes and other similar or common challenges lead to a higher degree of convergence in social policies among European countries. The European Union sets as one of its objectives to decrease diversity among Member States in terms of social protection policies. In practice, however, despite some evidence of welfare state convergence, the process is far from impressive. It is also debatable whether the superimposition of a single European Social Model is likely to undermine the reforming efforts of the EU countries in the area of social policy.
2

THE MODEL, MODELS OR A SYSTEM OF EUROPEAN SOCIAL POLICIES? (Model, modele, system? O najlepsza konceptualizacje polityki spolecznej w Europie)

80%
Pielinski B.
Problemy Polityki Społecznej. Studia i Dyskusje
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2008
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vol. 11
51-61
EN
The whole section of previous issue of 'Problems of social policy' was devoted to the topic of European social model. Authors couldn't agree, one should treat European model as a matter of identity or as a matter of utopian project, and another one should talk about one European social policy or about many social policies in Europe. In the author's opinion many problems with European social model can be solved or at least be better described if we talk about the European System of Social Polices (ESSP). In this system national social policies influence each other, social policy of European Union influences national social policies and national social policies influence policy of European Union. The system consists of interrelated elements. Looking at European social model as a system gives us also an opportunity to identify main problems concerning social policy in Europe.
3

Germany and the New European Social Model

80%
Fuchs G.
Problemy Polityki Społecznej. Studia i Dyskusje
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2005
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vol. 8
59-76
EN
A genuine 'European Social Model' can be characterised by structures and processes of ordered diversity and social compensation. Since the mid-90's European social democrats of the Third Way have argued that globalization, European integration, individualization and the knowledge-based society make welfare state reform a pressing issue. The European Social Model is identified as a severe hindrance to growth, competitiveness and employment. Notions of a new European Social Model include the functionality of income inequality and the market for a prosperous economy, conditionality for social benefits and workfare. The article takes the current German welfare state reforms as an example for the transition from the 'old' to the 'new' European Social Model. It focuses especially on reforms in health insurance, old age pensions and on labour market policies, namely the so-called 'Hartz-reforms'. The results are disappointing, because neither unemployment has dropped nor social security finances have improved. Instead the reforms dismantle the very idea of solidarity and hence its legitimacy. Political alternatives to these changes are still vague. Fundamental problems such as the relation between wage work and care work or between the ideology of growth and the exploitation of natural resources remain unsolved.
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