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Krajané a současné migrační procesy

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EN
The text is an introduction to the Journal of Ethnology’s monothematic issue about expatriates. Its goal is to classify the theme into a wider context, to show that the relation to expatriates differs in different countries and to demonstrate that in many countries the emigration and the relations to expatriates constitute a significant component of the history and a part of processes of national identification. The text also deals with factors that strengthen the relation between the source and the destination country in the process of migration. It shows that the theme of expatriates does not include only the theme of emigration but also that of return migrations. From this point of view, the topicality of the theme of expatriates in Europe and the Czech Republic has rather increased than decreased recently. The examples of particular communities of expatriates come mainly from Europe. The author focused on the examples with Czech expatriates; partially he speaks about German, Polish, Irish and Armenian communities. In the conclusion, he mentions the contemporary trend of double residence and transnational lifestyle.
EN
During the last four decades, demographic population of the GCC states have dramatically changed and become a concern among citizens and immigrants. The attraction of expatriates in the region has also caused some changes in the political, religious, social and cultural aspects. This paper aims to examine the partial impact of expatriates on the religious development in the region. The relationships of these religions and their patterns of coexistence. The region, therefore, will undoubtedly be one of the most important key areas that will attract the attention of the researchers concerned with the economic and demographic development or with religious dialogue.
EN
Veliko Srediste is a settlement situated in Serbian Banat, in Voivodina, near the town of Vrsac. This contribution tries to find an answer to the issues relating to ethnogenesis of the Czech speaking inhabitants, who have been neglected by ethnologists, anthropologists, or historians researching the Czech speaking communities abroad. The contribution is based on the new hitherto not used resources provided by the archive of the Synodic Council in Prague as well as by the Regional History Archive in the village of Bela Crkva. The author discovered other important resources in the location concerned where he did large field research work. Taking into consideration those resources, one can refute the theses on ethnogenesis of Czechs in Velike Srediste. Such theses assert Protestants from Svata Helena, a Czech village in Rumania founded after 1820, to have been the first Czech colonists. In his contribution, the author interprets transmigration of the Czech speaking inhabitants as the process of migration consisting of three compact colonization waves reaching their peak with the large 'Moravian' colonization wave in the 1950s. He records the historical development of Protestants since the end of the World War I, trying to explain the assimilation of Czech Roman Catholics within a larger group of German Roman Catholics.
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