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1

Psychologia papierowych aktorów

100%
Łukaszewski W.
Psychologia Społeczna
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2006
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vol. 1
|
issue 1(1)
64-66
EN
Wojciszke and Baryla have presented a series of interesting and mostly theoretically justified hypotheses. Unfortunately, due to low external validity of their research, it is very hard to assume that these hypotheses were confirmed. Some of the presented theses are questionable; this mainly refers to the beliefs that (a) traits associated with morality have no influence on self-esteem; (b) when performing an action, the goal of that action is somewhat less important; (c) others are members of one`s own social group.
2

QUESTION OF EXTERNAL VALIDITY OF TRUST IN THE ESS R1-7 DATA

80%
Výrost J.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
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2017
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vol. 20
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issue 4
-
EN
A stable and strong correlation between economic indicators and social trust is well-documented. Our analysis confirmed that 3 indicators of Group A together are significant predictors of trust for people with GINI as significant single predictor. The complex indicators addition into the group of predictors increased powerfully the explanatory power of MODEL 2 and in this constellation the CPI manifested as the most effective predictor. The addition of four ESS indicators in this case did not change the situation dramatically and in this case the CPI manifested itself as the most powerful predictor. The general idea that there is a connection between “simple” indicators of national economic performance and trust towards political institutions in ESS data (Round 1-3) was tested already. Historically the main focus in research was oriented towards the question of internal validity. In the context of the survey research data the usual expectation is that well known disadvantages of this kind of data could be compensated by their external validity. In the ESS the highest attention is paid to the questions of methodological rigor, and in this sense also to the validity of collected data. The results of our analyses confirmed that there exists a serious connection between ESS data and different social indicators not only “inside” but also “outside” the survey.
3

EXTERNAL VALIDITY OF PSYCHOMETRIC TESTING METHODS AND THEIR MEANING FOR SAFE ROAD PERFORMANCE

70%
Biela A., Roznowski B., Gorbaniuk O., Biela-Warenica M.
Studia Psychologica
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2017
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vol. 59
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issue 4
256 – 270
EN
The aim of the paper is to investigate which psychometric tools commonly used by Polish transport psychologists appropriately measure necessary abilities of professional drivers. According to Levis-Evans’ differentiation between the driver ’s performance and the driver’s behaviour, we explored a statistical relation between the results of tests currently used by transport psychologists, measured according to Szalma’s individual differences and safe behaviours on roads. We examine validity of tests using data based on real professional drivers’ behaviour. The sample included 200 drivers involved in accidents and collisions, and 100 who behaved safely. We tested external validity of chosen psychometric tools by analysing statistically the relation between test scores and unsafe driving behaviour recorded by the police. The results show that only few measurements are valid for differentiation of safe and unsafe drivers. The paper indicates the methodology to reach the prognostic value of the diagnostic tests employed by transport psychologist.
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