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EN
In my article I draw attention to the earthen construction technologies in the area of the Great Hungarian Plain, for which the Slovak literature has name the Lower Land. In this geographic area has been profiled dominant model of lifestyle, known as the Pannonian cultural zone. In the processes of colonization of the Great Hungarian Plain, the clay was applied as the most affordable building material. According to the statistical surveys 80 to 90 % of the houses had earthen walls in all regions of this geographical area. For almost all Slovak colonists, as for the many more, the earthen construction technologies have not been a part of their cultural outfit that would have brought here from their home countries. Between the mid-18th to mid-20th century earthen construction technology took a dominant position to such an extent that in the area of resettled Great Hungarian Plain it became one of determining sign of the Pannonian – or Lower Land – type of house.
EN
In connection with the joining of Protestant Silesian princes and Estates in the Bohemian Estates uprising in the year 1619, historians have long dealt with the journey of King Frederick I of Wittelsbach to Silesia, whose aim was to accept a tribute from the Princes of Silesia and the Estates in February and March of 1620. Until now, historiography has largely focused on the course of this journey and the ceremony associated with the king’s reception, while this paper draws attention to the politico-legal context of the visit, and to the political intentions of the privilege to religious freedom that Frederick I issued to the Silesian Calvinists living in the city of Wroclaw, in an Imperial Charter for the Calvinists dated 5 March 1620.
EN
Based on an analysis of sources of various kinds (e.g. contemporary pedagogical theory, school rules, various teaching texts, religious reference works and the like) this paper attempts to grasp the extent of knowledge of Scripture and biblical history among students and Latin school graduates from the 16th to the mid‑18th century. Partial knowledge of the Bible and biblical texts was all part of elementary education and children could acquire it before they studied at Latin schools (in the home environment, special catacheses and the like), where these foundations were then strengthened. Research into educational institutes of various denominations and types (particularist town schools, non‑Catholic private educational establishments, Jesuit schools, Piarist grammar schools and the like) indicates that although the reading of biblical texts as a rule was not included as a priority in Latin school curricula, pupils there did not only have a detailed knowledge of biblical history, but also managed to find their way round Scripture and to quote important passages from it, while dealing with Bible text and biblical realia both in religious tuition and in other subjects (particularly Latin). We do point out the differences that existed between individual schools, though these are in no way fundamental, rather depending on the definition of types of school. Scripture in the vernacular languages came to the fore in religious education particularly in the lower classes of non‑Catholic schools, whereas students at Jesuit grammar schools dealt almost exclusively with Latin (or exceptionally Greek) texts. Generally speaking, the pedagogical idea behind working with the Bible was similar in all schools, and in any case the plan was based on the same source even if the exposition, the argument and sometimes even the particular texts that were used might differ from one denomination to another.
EN
This study is based on archaeological sources: a group of cesspits from houses along the north and west sides of the 3rd courtyard of the Prague Castle. A combination of historical plans, written and archaeological sources makes it possible to date all of the studied cesspits with a high degree of accuracy. The find assemblages are to be dated to different decades of the second half of the 15th and the first half of the 18th century. Analyses of the cesspits indicate a differentiated social milieu. Church dignitaries created lavish assemblages. Individual luxury items appeared in the milieu which we associate with the imperial court and several of its officials. Also represented is a cesspit from a common environment (owned by a blacksmith). Whether the higher proportional representation of pans, bowls, and bottles indicates the operation of an inn in Vikářská Street, we do not know.
EN
Genealogical illegitimacy represents a highly topical issue whose historical roots have not yet been comprehensively mapped in Czech historiography. This presented study pays attention to the relevant Early Modern Age legal norms and mechanisms of ameliorating the position of illegitimate children. From the point of approach to bastards the Bohemian Lands represented an integral part of Central Europe for which a less benevolent attitude was typical. The perspectives of a further research of illegitimacy focused on the milieu of the social elites in the Bohemian Lands are indicated through the intermediary of two specimen cases which are based on archival sources from the 16th and 17th centuries. In the cases of a Southern Bohemian knight Jindřich Pouzar of Michnice resident at Žumberk († 1600) and a military figure Don Balthasar de Marradas y Vique († 1638) of Spanish origins, the author follows the sophisticated strategies of nobles who strove to secure the material standing and a dignified social position for their illegitimate offspring.
EN
This study deals with the theme of commercial practice in the pre-industrial period and presents some of the contemporary directions of the German, Austrian and Italian historiographies. Simultaneously, the study attempts to evaluate the potential application of these methodological approaches for researching the Czech environment. Its text presents some recent results of research in the environs of merchants in Early Modern Age Prague. Namely, recent findings related to commodity and finance credit; book-keeping and accounting, as well as managing customer-supplier relations are dealt with. At the same time further fields of research themes are defined and potential directions and perspectives of future research are proposed.
EN
The article is attended to an issue of the mill names´ variability in Horažďovice, a small town in southwest of the Czech Republic. It is based on the thorough research of sources and its main goal is to prove how the research of changeable mill names could help to understand the development of milling in the certain area. In fact, the onomastic research could reveal many crucial cultural and social aspects that the conventional way of sources reading would not disclose.
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