Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 16

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  Economic Growth
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
1
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Can Georgia Return to the Pre‑crisis Rate of Growth?

100%
Surmanidze U.
Horyzonty Polityki
|
2016
|
vol. 7
|
issue 20
EN
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The article aims to analyse Georgia’s short ‑term economic prospects and to make well ‑founded conclusions on the Country’s potential to return to the pre ‑crisis rate of growth in the near future. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: For evaluat‑ing Georgia’s growth perspective, Country’s essential macroeconomic indicators and statistical data are thoroughly analysed, along with profound study of global economic outlooks and quarterly reports from three prestigious international institutions (IMF, World Bank, EBRD). THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: Apart from relevant professional and scholarly literature, current economic trends in Geor‑gia are presented in the paper, revising such important issues like FDI and remittances inflow, foreign trade, currency depreciation, government spending and national debt, so those variables that af‑fect the domestic economy at most. Georgia is small, open economy and because of its high dependency on the external sector, certain significant economic tendencies in main partner countries and in the world in general are also applied in the article. RESEARCH RESULTS: On the one hand, the decline of capital inflow into the Country, and socially‑oriented government spending on the other, depreci­ated the national currency gradually and made Georgia’s external liabilities very costly. Neither the depreciation of the currency, nor export subsidies helped the Country’s exports to recover. This is partially conditioned also by economic troubles in main trade and investment partner countries of Georgia. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The article intends to enrich the understanding of how small, transition econo­mies operate in uncertain financial environment and what perspectives they have in dealing with external shocks. Current regional and global context, along with obvious drawbacks in Georgia’s fiscal policy make the possibility of re­gaining pre‑crisis growth rates unrealistic in the near term. The country needs the diversification of export markets and its foreign investment sources, to cut government spending on social programs and bureaucracy, and to direct funds on infrastructural projects.
2
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Rodzinny kapitał społeczny a wzrost gospodarczy w Polsce

100%
Sztaudynger J. J.
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
|
2009
|
vol. 12
|
issue 1
225-244
EN
Economic growth is mostly explained by investments and employment growth. Since the mid 1990s various social categories have been introduced into the economic growth analysis such as trust, crime and income inequality etc. According to sociology and psychology, it is the family that constitutes interpersonal ties and is an indicator of happiness and quality of life. It can be said that happy people better fulfil their social roles and also work better. We set a hypothesis that the family ties have an influence on economic growth. More precisely: the more divorces (compared to newly couples), the slower economic growth. This hypothesis was confirmed in an analysis of Poland’s economy in the years 1967–2006. Due to the disintegration of family ties measured by the above mentioned divorce rate Poland’s annual economic growth was slowed by about a 0.6 percentage point on average. This estimation is based on a GDP growth model which, along with the divorce rate, also includes employment dynamics, invest rate and crime rate.
3
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

COMPLEMENTARITY OF FDI AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION IN THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR OF GHANA: ANALYSIS OF RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

100%
Yeboah E.
International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences
|
2020
|
vol. 11(1)
47-60
EN
Foreign direct investment inflows into Ghana have been a major source of economic growth transformation. Many investing countries aspire to provide Ghana’s economy with new models and direction for development alternatives to foreign aid which will in effect benefit both nations. Given the government’s intention of transforming most agriculture products into finished commodities other than exporting these commodi-ties in their raw states, a new set of incentives and policies to attract investors into the agriculture sector have been initiated. This consists of farming for food provision and employment generation in a bid to moderating the high rate of unemployment aside depending on the normal farming methods. This study sets to investigate the impact of foreign direct investment in the agriculture sector on employment generation. The paper argues that employment created in the agriculture sector was attained through the number of registered projects allocated to various sectors within the Ghanaian economy categorized by the Ghana Investment Promotion Centre. Methodologically, this study utilizes a statistical descriptive approach that backs a summary of the com-plementary analysis of foreign direct investment inflow quantitatively using data on FDI inflows from 2013 to 2018. The result shows that the percentage share of the total number of registered projects allocated and employment created in the agriculture sector through FDI is very low compared to sectors like the manufacturing and service. It was also discovered that the agriculture sector contribution to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the late 90s weighed much higher than the other sectors and contin-uous decline in the 2000s. It is recommended that investors should enter into the agri-culture sector since there are many benefits. FDI, Agricultural Sector, Employment Generation, Economic Growth Napływ bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych do Ghany był głównym źródłem transformacji wzrostu gospodarczego. Wiele krajów inwestujących dąży do zapewnienia gospodarce Ghany nowych modeli i kierunków rozwoju, alternatywnych dla pomocy zagranicznej, które w efekcie przyniosą korzyści wszystkim. Biorąc pod uwagę zamiar rządu w kierunku przekształcenia większości produktów rolnych w gotowe towary (inne niż eksport tych towarów w stanie surowym), zainicjowano nowy plan zachęt i polityk mających na celu przyciągnięcie inwestorów do sektora rolnego. Rolnictwo ma zapewniać żywność i tworzenie miejsc pracy dla złagodzenia wysokiego poziomu bezrobocia przy zachowaniu normalnych metod uprawy. Niniejsze badanie ma na celu zbadanie wpływu bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych w sektorze rolnym na tworzenie miejsc pracy. W artykule argumentuje się, że zatrudnienie sektorze rolnym zostało osiągnięte dzięki szeregowi zarejestrowanych projektów przydzielonych różnym sektorom w gospodarce Ghany, sklasyfikowanych przez Ghana Investment Promotion Centre. Metodologicznie w niniejszym badaniu zastosowano statystyczną metodę opisową, która opiera się na streszczeniu uzupełniającej analizy napływu bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych w ujęciu ilościowym, z wykorzystaniem danych dotyczących napływu BIZ w latach 2013–2018. Wyniki pokazują, że procentowy udział w całkowitej liczbie przydzielonych zarejestrowanych projektów i miejsc pracy utworzonych w sektorze rolnym za pośrednictwem bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych jest bardzo niski w porównaniu do sektorów takich jak produkcja i usługi. Ujawniono również, że wkład sektora rolnego w produkt krajowy brutto (PKB) pod koniec lat 90. był znacznie wyższy niż innych sektorów, ale zanotował ciągły spadek w latach 2000-nych. Zaleca się, aby inwestorzy wchodzili do sektora rolnego, ponieważ przynosi to wiele korzyści. BIZ, sektor rolny, wzrost zatrudnienia, wzrost gospodarczy
4

Expenditures on Collective and Individual Services: Discussion on the Classification of Government Expenditures with Regard to their Inclusion into Growth Models

100%
Machová Z., Kotlán I.
DANUBE: Law and Economics Review
|
2014
|
vol. 5
|
issue 4
287-296
EN
The aim of this paper is to examine the effects of government expenditures on long-run economic growth in developed countries using their different breakdown. Empirical analysis is performed for a panel of 34 OECD countries in the period 2000-2012. Above all, the results support the idea that conclusions of previous studies on this topic may be strongly distorted by inappropriate classification of expenditures, typically in the case of expenditures on education and health. These are usually considered productive and thus growth enhancing, but if their part of R&D expenditures is detached, their effect on growth is in fact negative. In general, it is concluded that government expenditures on individual services have negative effects on growth, while the impact of expenditures on collective services is positive.
5

The Relationship between Property Rights and Economic Growth: an Analysis of OECD and EU Countries

88%
Haydaroğlu C.
DANUBE: Law and Economics Review
|
2015
|
vol. 6
|
issue 4
217-239
EN
In recent years, institutions and institutional structure have become some of the most popular concepts analyzed by economics theory. New growth theories have especially focused on the effects of institutions and institutional structure on a macro level. Property rights are one of the most important elements of this institutional structure. The relationship between property rights and economic growth have drawn the attention of many researchers and policymakers in recent years. The aim of this study, covering the period 2007–2014, is to examine the relationship between property rights and economic growth with the help of PARDL in OECD and EU countries. According to the result of a bounds test, there is cointegration between the variables. The long- and short-term relationships between series were determined and the results taken from the analysis show that there is a positive effect on economic growth in those countries.
6
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Energy Imports and Growth Perspective: the Case of Turkey

88%
Yılmaz K. Ç., Taş T., Yapraklı H.
Polish Political Science Yearbook
|
2015
|
vol. 44
283-299
EN
In recent years, the main macroeconomic problem of Turkey is current deficits. In order to realize sustainable growth, the balance of payment should be kept under control. This control system is directly depends on minimization of current deficits. One of the main reasons of Turkey’s current account deficits is energy imports. By applying the Johansen co-integrated analysis, this paper aims to identify the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth by using the data set between the years 1984–2012 with reference to VAR (Vector Auto Regression). Furthermore, unit root test was applied to the data which is the traditional unit root tests ADF (Augmented Dickey Fuller), PP (Phillip–Perron) and KPSS (Kwiatkowski–Phillips–Schmidt–Shin) and taking into account the structural break test was performed Zivot–Andrews. In addition to examining the long-term relationship between the two variables, taking into account the structural break in the cointegration test Engle–Granger and taking into account the structural break Hatemi-J cointegration test were applied. According to the results of the analysis, we reached that there is a relationship between energy consumption and economic growth.
7

Economic Growth and Budget Constraints: EU Countries Panel Data Analysis

88%
Zimčík P.
Review of Economic Perspectives
|
2016
|
vol. 16
|
issue 2
87-101
EN
The aim of this paper is to identify the impacts of different taxes and expenditures on economic growth. The research is focused on 20 selected European Union Member States. These countries are equally divided into four groups based on their average tax burden as presented in the World Tax Index. A comparison of fiscal attributes among these groups is important for the analysis. Annual government finance data from the years 1995 to 2012 are used for an empirical study. The indicators observed are real GDP change, the composition and volume of total government expenditures, tax quotas of individual taxes and total budget balance. These indicators are used within an endogenous growth model together with capital stock and an approximation of human capital. A panel regression with fixed effects is used as an analytic tool. The main results are that an increase in social contributions, property, production and personal income tax quotas has an adverse effect on economic growth.
8

Impact of the 2008-2009 Financial Crisis on Democratisation Processes in the European Union

75%
tomala m., zajecki r.
Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Międzynarodowego
|
2019
|
vol. 13
|
issue 2
PL
Celem artykułu jest zbadanie wpływu kryzysu gospodarczego na poziom w państwach Unii Europejskiej. Autor wykorzystał metodologię Economist Intelligence Unit, która analizuje indeks demokracji w latach 2006-2017. Opiera się na pięciu kategoriach: proces wyborczy i pluralizm; swobody obywatelskie; funkcjonowanie rządu; udział polityczny; i kultura polityczna. Opierając się na wynikach szeregu wskaźników każde państwo zostało sklasyfikowane jako jeden z czterech rodzajów reżimu: pełna demokracja; wadliwa demokracja; system hybrydowy; i reżim autorytarny. W artykule autorka stara się zidentyfikować mocne i słabe strony państw UE, wskazując na wpływ wartości demokratycznych na ich rozwój gospodarczy. Ponadto w pracy określono najbardziej charakterystyczne i najistotniejsze cechy wartości demokratycznych.
EN
The aim of the article is to research an influence decrease of economic growth to democracy index in the European Union. The author applies the Economist Intelligence Unit methodology which examines the Democracy Index from 2006 to 2017. It is based on five categories: electoral process and pluralism; civil liberties; government functioning; political participation; and political culture. Based on the results of a number of indicators, each country is then itself classified as one of four types of regime: full democracy; flawed democracy; hybrid regime; and authoritarian regime. In the article, the author tries to identify the EU countries’ strengths and weaknesses which determinate the EU’s economic growth. In conclusion, it was shown the most characteristic and the most important properties of democratic values.
9
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Mechanizmy wzrostu gospodarczego w Unii Europejskiej. Ujęcie Bayesowskie

75%
Gazda J., Puziak M.
Przegląd Zachodniopomorski
|
2013
|
issue 3/2
109-121
EN
The basic aim of the article is to fi nd the determinants of economic growth in a selected EU regions. The research embraced the years of 1995-2007 and it was conducted for all the regions of EU-15. As a result of research, according to the process of convergence, the crucial factor in the economic growth process was the initial level of GDP per capita.The important element of growth in the indicated period were also the euro currency membership and the localization (regions of large countries Spain and Great Britain).
10
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

STRUCTURAL BREAKS IN NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA: EVIDENCE FROM NEW TIME SERIES TESTS THAT ALLOW FOR STRUCTURAL BREAKS

75%
Galadima M. D., Aminu A. W.
International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences
|
2019
|
vol. 9(1)
273-290
EN
This paper analyzed the issue of structural breaks in natural gas consumption and economic growth in Nigeria. The newly residual augmented least squares (RALS-LM) unit root test with breaks also known as “RALS-LM test with trend breaks and non-normal errors” proposed by Meng-Lee-Payne (2017) and the new structural breaks testing proposed by Kejriwal–Perron (2010) are among the tools used for the investi-gation. Our empirical findings provide significant evidence that the series of natural gas consumption and economic growth are stationary with one or two trend breaks. Furthermore, the investigation identified significant incidences of structural breaks in the relationship between natural gas consumption and economic growth in 1990, 2004, 2009 and all the break dates were found to be significant. The evaluation of the sub-sample periods based on the break dates revealed that the first and second breaks are potential while the last is destructive. Moreover, the estimate of the long-run elasticity is significant where a 1% increase in natural gas consumption induces the growth of Nigerian economy by 0.15% and all the dummies that represent the breakpoints are also significant where the 2004 break had a bigger effect among other breaks. The implication of the results is that shocks in the series of natural gas consumption and economic growth in Nigeria have transitory effect, modeling the relationship between natural gas consumption and economic growth in Nigeria without taking structural breaks into consideration could produce biased and unreliable statistical results, and there is economically significant dependence of the Nigerian economy on natural gas consumption.
11

Role of Information Science in Sustainable Development: Sierra Leone as a Case Study

75%
Jackson E. A.
Management of Sustainable Development
|
2015
|
vol. 7
|
issue 2
23-29
EN
IS / ICT is dictating the world in terms of service provision, and more so in education and the financial sector such as electronic money transfer. The article has provided a review of Information Science (IS) in the light of its wider interpretation in different walks of life. The current state of IS / ICT provision is also addressed, with the need to focusing attention in improving the country's capacity in meeting global demand for services. Qualitative interpretation of themes was used in helping to provide critical approach in unravelling issues for the good of the nation. Recommendations pointed to an enhancement in the infrastructural capacity, and also human resources to address on-going demands. IS / ICT capacity around the world is changing and so too is the need for the country to build on its human resource potential to address threats posed, from within and outside of the country, while at the same time focusing attention in enhancing the green economy.
12

The Impact of Taxation on Economic Growth: Case Study of OECD Countries

63%
Macek R.
Review of Economic Perspectives
|
2014
|
vol. 14
|
issue 4
309-328
EN
The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact of individual types of taxes on the economic growth by utilizing regression analysis on the OECD countries for the period of 2000–2011. The impact of taxation is integrated into growth models by its impact on the individual growth variables, which are capital accumulation and investment, human capital and technology. The analysis in this paper is based on extended neoclassical growth model of Mankiw, Romer and Weil (1992), and for the verification of relation between taxation and economic growth the panel regression method is used. The taxation rate itself is not approximated only by traditional tax quota, which is characteristic by many insufficiencies, but also by the alternative World Tax Index which combines hard and soft data. It is evident from the results of both analyses that corporate taxation followed by personal income taxes and social security contribution are the most harmful for economic growth. Concurrently, in case of the value added tax approximated by tax quota, the negative impact on economic growth was not confirmed, from which it can be concluded that tax quota, in this case as the indicator of taxation, fails. When utilizing World Tax Index, a negative relation between these two variables was confirmed, however, it was the least quantifiable. The impact of property taxes was statistically insignificant. Based on the analysis results it is evident that in effort to stimulate economic growth in OECD countries, economic-politic authorities should lower the corporate taxation and personal income taxes, and the loss of income tax revenues should be compensated by the growth of indirect tax revenues.
13
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

The Impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on Economic Growth in the OIC Countries

63%
AGHAEI M., REZAGHOLIZADEH M., Paradowska M., Platje J. J., Cibulskiene D.
Economic and Environmental Studies
|
2017
|
vol. 17
|
issue 42
255-276
EN
New growth theories hypothesize economic growth processes as heavily dependent on investment in Information and Communication Technology (ICT). However, the full empirical verification of this hypothesis still is an open task, particularly when growth is considered within selected countries such as the OIC countries. Furthermore, the conclusions derived from research concerning the causal relationship between ICT and economic growth is often sensitive to the research methodology employed. This paper employs dynamics and static panel data approach within a framework of growth model and apply them to the economy of OIC countries over the time period of 1990-2014. The estimates reveal a significant impact of investments in ICT on economic growth in the countries considered. The policy implication of this paper is that the OIC countries should design specific policies for promoting investment in ICT.
PL
Nowe teorie wzrostu zakładają, że procesy wzrostu są w dużym stopniu zależne od inwestycji w Technologie Informatyczno-Komunikacyjne (TIK). Jednak pełna weryfikacja empiryczna tego założenia nadal pozostaje otwartym zadaniem, zwłaszcza jeśli wzrost jest rozważany w grupie wybranych krajów, jak kraje OIC (ang.: Organization of Islamic Conference, pl.: Organizacja Konferencji Islamskiej). Co więcej, wnioski wynikające z badań dotyczących zwykłych zależności pomiędzy TIK a wzrostem gospodarczym są często wrażliwe na zastosowaną metodologię badawczą. Niniejszy artykuł stosuje podejście oparte na dynamicznych i statycznych danych panelowych w ramach modelu wzrostu i odnosi je do gospodarek krajów OIC w latach 1990-2014. Szacunki wykazują, że istnieje znaczący wpływ inwestycji w TIK na wzrost gospodarczy w analizowanych krajach. Implikacje polityczne wynikające z wniosków zakładają, że kraje OIC powinny projektować specjalne programy polityczne ukierunkowane na promocję inwestycji w TIK.
14
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Development Challenges in South Asia: A Contemporary Discussion on Gender Inequality

63%
Bharti S. S.
UR Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
|
2022
|
vol. 24
|
issue 3
83-94
PL
Ranking rozwoju społecznego (HDI) i jego wskaźniki wyznaczają aktualne wyzwania rozwojowe w południowej Azji. Region ten notuje wysoki i ciągły wzrost gospodarczy. Niestety, zgodnie ze wskaźnikiem HDI poprawy wymagają wskaźniki dotyczące rozwoju społecznego. W regionie Azji Południowej utrzymuje się zjawisko wykluczenia społeczno-ekonomicznego ze względu m.in. na takie czynniki, jak kasta, pochodzenie etniczne, religia i płeć. Organizacje międzynarodowe i państwa kierują się wskaźnikiem rozwoju przyjętym przez ONZ i jej instytucje, a w opisywanym regionie można zaobserwować szerokie spektrum konfliktów – od militarnych, religijnych po ekonomiczne i etniczne. Przykładem tego typu zjawiska jest napięcie polityczne między Indiami a Pakistanem, które destabilizuje sytuację w regionie zarówno z perspektywy ekonomicznej, jak i społecznej. Niniejszy artykuł analizuje współczesne wyzwania rozwojowe i nierówność płci w Azji Południowej na podstawie dostępnych wskaźników rozwoju, w tym HDI.
EN
The human development index (HDI) ranking and its value indicate the development challenge in South Asia, where the region is performing impressively in terms of economic growth. However, social development is still perceived in terms of the worst scenario. The South Asian region continues the policy of socio-economic exclusion on the basis of caste, ethnicity, religion and gender. According to the study, the international organisations and the countries of the region are following the development indicator adopted by the United Nations and its institutions. The background of South Asia is like a battleground for a cycle of conflicts; religious, ethnic, and caste conflict cause people to be economically marginalised due to these tensions. The political tension between India and Pakistan results in a constantly fragile situation. In this context, the article explores contemporary development challenges and gender inequality in South Asia.
15
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Foreign direct investment and economic growth in Albania: a co-integration analysis

51%
Hysa E., Hodo L.
Ekonomia Międzynarodowa
|
2016
|
issue 15
234-244
PL
Analizy teoretyczne postulują pozytywny wpływ bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych (BIZ) na Produkt Krajowy Brutto (PKB) kraju przyjmującego poprzez transfer technologii, rozwój kapitału ludzkiego, itd. Niniejsze opracowanie bada rzeczywiste efekty BIZ na wzrost gospodarczy w Albanii, gdzie BIZ stanowiły jeden z priorytetów i fundamentów polityki gospodarczej po 1990 r. Wykorzystano podejście kointegracyjne do przeanalizowania danych kwartalnych z lat 1991–2012. Dane pochodzą z Banku Albanii. Wykazano istotny związek długookresowy między dynamiką PKB i wskaźnikiem BIZ do PKB. Udowodniono, że przyrost BIZ w stosunku do PKB znacząco stymuluje wzrost gospodarczy w Albanii.
EN
Theoretical studies strongly support the positive effects of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the host country through technology transfer, human capital formation, etc. This study aims to examine the real effects of FDI in the economic growth of Albania, since FDI was one of the first pillars of the economy that the government gave priority to after 1990. This relationship was investigated by using the Co-Integration approach for the quarterly data from 1991 to 2012. The time series data are taken from the Bank of Albania. As expected, the empirical findings of this study reveal the existence of a long run relationship of GDP growth and FDI to GDP ratio. Being strongly correlated to each other, FDI to GDP ratio shows its significant contribution to Albanian economic growth.
16

The Concept of the Social Market Economy and Economic Policy as the Foundations of Economic Growth in the Federal Republic of Germany, After World War II

51%
Klimiuk Z.
Roczniki Ekonomii i Zarządzania
|
2009
|
vol. 1(37)
5-38
PL
Początek lat 50. zamyka okres odbudowy gospodarek państw Europy Zachodniej zniszczonych na skutek działań wojennych. W większości krajów został już osiągnięty lub nieco przekroczony poziom rozwoju z okresu międzywojennego. Pod względem tempa produkcji RFN znacznie wyprzedziła swoich dotychczasowych głównych rywali ekonomicznych w Europie Zachodniej - Wielką Brytanię oraz Francję. W okresie 1950-1958 średnioroczne tempo wzrostu produkcji wynosiło w RFN 11%, podczas gdy w Wielkiej Brytanii - 2,6, a we Francji - 6,7%. Powojenny wzrost produkcji przemysłowej RFN, umożliwiający osiągnięcie już po kilku latach wyższego niż przed wojną poziomu rozwoju gospodarczego, nie był zjawiskiem nowym w historii gospodarczej Niemiec. Podobna tendencja wystąpiła w gospodarce niemieckiej w latach 20. XX wieku. Procesy te w literaturze ekonomicznej są określane jako „niemiecki cud gospodarczy” i są związane z koncepcją społecznej gospodarki rynkowej (SGR). Teoretyczne podstawy SGR stworzyła Szkoła Fryburska, zwana inaczej ordoliberalną.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.