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1

Międzynarodowa aktywność Niemiec w sferze polityki energetycznej

100%
Molo B.
Sprawy Międzynarodowe
|
2014
|
issue 2
73-90
EN
A presentation of the essence and range of German policy and international activity in the energy sphere. Its activity is a result of a specific strategy that promotes advanced energy technologies that would allow it to reach seemingly contradictory aims, such as economic development, a stable energy supply and environmental protection (along with climate protection). This analysis takes in the aims of Germany’s international involvement in the energy field, bilateral and multilateral forms of energy cooperation in which Germany participates, especially in the development of renewable energy sources and enhancing energy efficiency, as well as sustainable energy exploitation in the country’s development cooperation.
2

Bezpieczeństwo energetyczne państwa

63%
Ćwiek-Karpowicz J.
Sprawy Międzynarodowe
|
2015
|
issue 4
49-59
EN
The concept of energy security embraces three main dimensions: security of supply (technical dimension), competitiveness of the energy market (economic dimension), and sustainable development (environmental dimension). In this article the concept is extended onto the fourth dimension—social. This is verified empirically through opinion polls and in-depth interviews as well as a questionnaire with energy experts. The results of those surveys confirm relations between all four dimensions of the energy security concept. The environmental dimension is most important for society and the technical one for energy experts, while both groups perceive the social dimension as less crucial.
3

Co po Gazociągu Południowym? Polityka energetyczna Rosji w sektorze gazowym

63%
Ćwiek-Karpowicz J.
Sprawy Międzynarodowe
|
2015
|
issue 1
89-100
EN
Russia’s vast natural gas deposits, widely viewed as a vital strategic asset, make it possible for Russia to exert an influence on the neighbouring countries. One of key elements of Kremlin’s gas strategy in this regard is having direct access to European and Asian markets. In the context of the EU–Russia crisis triggered by the war in Ukraine, Moscow is looking for new market opportunities for its gas. The South Stream plan has been replaced by the Turkish Stream project, and Russia is also developing gas projects with China. The short-term question for the EU should not be how to break energy bonds with Russia, but how to contain the damage caused by the current Russian strategy.
4

Różne podejścia, jeden cel. W stronę wspólnego stanowiska Unii Europejskiej wobec bezpieczeństwa energetycznego

51%
Nowak B. E.
Sprawy Międzynarodowe
|
2014
|
issue 1
39-53
EN
The development of common energy policy in the European Union, including the aspects of energy security and solidarity, is not yet close to completion. Despite the legal basis for the creation of such a policy being expressed in Article 194 TFEU, what is lacking at the current stage of integration, especially among the EU’s largest Member States, is political will. The lack of a common position among the states in regards to, for instance, security of the gas supply to the EU or external policy in general, seriously hinders the development process of consistent common policy at the EU level in the area of energy security and solidarity. With this taken into account, the creation of a common gas market based on the free trade of goods (free movement of gas) between Member States and free access to infrastructure for all suppliers may enable the EU countries to possess comparable energy mixes and import dependencies in addition to similar interests and expectations with regards to common energy policy in the area of energy security and energy solidarity.
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