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Measuring the Degree of Firms' Internationalization at Their Early Stages of International Commitment

100%
Szymura-Tyc M.
Journal of Economics and Management
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2013
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vol. 13
101-118
EN
This paper includes theoretical as well as methodological considerations concerning the measurement of the internationalization degree of companies at the early stages of their international commitment, which is true for the majority of Polish companies internationalizing their activity. It includes a review of methodological approaches concerning the measurement of the degree of internationalization and related internationalization models. These considerations constituted bases for preparing theoretical and methodological framework concerning the measurement of the degree of internationalization of firms in the initial phases of this process. An original concept was presented of an internationalization index and the results of its application to measure the internationalization degree of 274 enterprises surveyed as a part of a research project, financed by the National Science Center: "Internationalization, networking and innovativeness of enterprises - cultural conditions". The paper ends with the discussion of the scope of application of the proposed index and its limitations.
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Company Behavior in the Internationalization Process and Its Performance

86%
Fonfara K., Ratajczak-Mrozek M., Dymitrowski A.
Journal of Economics and Management
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2013
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vol. 13
27-38
EN
The aim of the paper is to determine the role of different types of company's behavior in the internationalization process, identified from the perspective of a network approach, for corporate performance. In order to describe the company's behaviour in the internationalization process a set of criteria has been proposed. These are: formalization of the internationalization process, openness to cooperation in the internationalization process and activeness in creating network of relations in the internationalization process. Taking into consideration the proposed criteria, the analysis of business practice enabled to identify four possible types of company's behaviour in the internationalization process: type A - Active, type B - Submissive, type C - Independent and type D - Distrustful realist. The assessment of corporate performance of the four types of company's behavior has been performed. Additionally, the dynamic approach to the typology of company's behavior in the internationalization process has been proposed. The conclusions presented in the paper are the outcome of long-term studies of behavioral aspects of company's internationalization process, performed within two research projects carried out in years 2006-2008 and 2010-2012.
3
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Internationalisation des PME et orientation clients: les enjeux d'internet

86%
Pellat G., Peyroux C.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2013
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vol. 150
120-132
FR
Le développement de l’internet constitue une opportunité de développement interna- tional pour des entreprises de petite taille facilitant la relation aux clients indépendamment de la distance. Mais cette technologie n’est pas neutre du point de vue de la relation aux clients. A travers cette contribution, nous nous proposons d’étudier comment internet impacte la relation de l’entreprise avec ses clients étrangers. L’orientation client joue un rôle déterminant dans le développement international d’une petite entreprise mais le recours à internet peut modifier le contenu à la fois de l’orientation client et de la stratégie d’internationalisation. En s’appuyant sur l’analyse du cas d’une petite entreprise du secteur biomédical utilisant l’internet et les réseaux sociaux, cette contribution vise à revisiter la place du client dans la stratégie d’internationalisation.
4
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Internacjonalizacja w procesie rozwoju małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw - wybrane wyniki badań empirycznych

86%
Głód W.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2014
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vol. 184
80-92
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań empirycznych dotyczące procesów internacjonalizacji małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw. Opracowanie zawiera wyniki wpływu wybranych czynników na procesy internacjonalizacji w przedsiębiorstwach. Istotnym elementem prowadzonych badań jest wskazanie wpływu internacjonalizacji na rozwój przedsiębiorstwa. W podsumowaniu wskazano implikacje teoretyczne i praktyczne.
EN
The article presents the results of empirical research on the process of internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises. The study contains the results of the influence of selected factors on the internationalization processes in enterprises. An important part of the research is to identify the impact of internationalization on the development of the company. In summary indicated the theoretical and practical implications.
5
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Atrakcyjność inwestycyjna polski z perspektywy instytucjonalnej

86%
Owczarczuk M.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2014
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vol. 184
168-180
PL
Polska ostatnimi laty jest liderem w przyciąganiu inwestycji zagranicznych wśród krajów Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej. Atrakcyjność inwestycyjna naszego kraju, według wielu badań, oceniana jest bardzo wysoko (według raportu Ernst & Young Atrakcyjność Inwestycyjna Europy w 2013 roku Polska zajęła 1. pozycję w rankingu), głównie za sprawą wysoko wykwalifikowanej siły roboczej. Istotnym elementem atrakcyjności inwestycyjnej, często podkreślanym przez samych inwestorów, jest również stabilność prawna i polityczna. Zatem głównym celem opracowania była analiza stabilności i przejrzystości polskiego systemu prawnego oraz odpowiedź na pytanie, czy polski system prawny jest elementem podnoszącym, czy raczej zagrażającym atrakcyjności inwestycyjnej naszego kraju. Badania opierały się m.in. na analizie indeksu Worldwide Governance Indicator oceniającego otoczenie instytucjonalne krajów.
EN
Poland in recent years is the leader in attracting foreign investment among the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Investment attractiveness of our country, according to many studies, is assessed very high (according to the Ernst & Young European Attractiveness Report in 2013 Poland's economy took first place in the ranking), mainly due to a highly skilled workforce. An important component of the investment attractiveness, often emphasized by the investors themselves, is legal and political stability. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to analyze the stability and transparency of the Polish legal system in recent years, and the answer to the question whether the Polish legal system is a improving element or rather a threat to the investment attractiveness of the country. The research is based, inter alia, on the analysis of the Worldwide Governance Indicator index assessing the institutional environment of countries.
6
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Modyfikacje strategii finansowania mikro-, małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw w procesie internacjonalizacji (na podstawie wybranych wyników badań empirycznych)

72%
Bielawska A., Brojakowska M.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2014
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vol. 198 cz 2
13-26
EN
The article presents the concept of financing of SMEs in the process of internationalization. Indicated changes in the financing of the strategy as a result of the internationalization of business, long-term goals and internationalized activities of SMEs, presented determinants shaping strategy and internationalized business financing. An important part of the study is to present scenarios internationalized corporate finance division, depending on the adopted instrument of internationalization.
7
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The Role of Psychic Distance in the Process of Companies Internationalization - Review of Research Results

72%
Nizielska A.
Journal of Economics and Management
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2013
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vol. 13
85-99
EN
The article presents the review of existing research on the role of psychic distance in the process of companies internationalization (both secondary and primary). The main attention was dedicated to the measurement of this phenomenon. The concept of psychic distance was compared to cultural distance, they are used interchangeably in the article. The objective of the paper was also to discuss the conceptual and methodological properties of psychic (cultural) distance: the illusion of symmetry, stability, linearity, causality, discordance, as well as the assumption of corporate and spatial homogeneity and the assumption of equivalence. The last part of the article is dedicated to the examples of research examining the role of psychic (cultural) distance in decisions of: choosing market entry mode (export versus foreign direct investment; acquisitions versus green field investment), choosing the level of strategy adaptation to local market conditions and decisions concerning other fields of international business.
8
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Internationalization Process of E-Commerce Enterprises - Prerequisites, Barriers and Basic Modes

72%
Grochal-Brejdak M., Szymura-Tyc M.
Journal of Economics and Management
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2013
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vol. 13
39-55
EN
Literature provides many studies on internationalization processes of production and service enterprises, while the internationalization of commerce firms is not a special subject of interest. The goal of the article is an attempt to diminish knowledge gaps by literature studies and an exploratory empirical research. The literature study aims firstly at the recognition of the specific prerequisites and barriers to internationalization of e-commerce enterprises. The second aim of the literature study conducted in the paper is a review of theoretical models describing the internationalization of firms process which should enable to indicate the adequate theoretical framework for further empirical research on internationalization of e-commerce enterprises. Critical analysis of literature enables the distinction of prerequisites in the nature of technological and economic (including market and cost prerequisites) and technological, non-technological, macro- and microeconomic barriers. The exploratory research conducted by the method of the qualitative analysis based on a case study determined diversified paths of internationalization of three Polish e-commerce enterprises. Further research is aimed at the separation of basic types of such modes and factors which influence their formation. Such research should make possible to identify e-commerce enterprises conducting business on an international market and determine the motives and restrictions existing in their foreign expansion.
9
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The Impact of the Internationalization of Polish SMEs on Their Performance

72%
Kraśnicka T., Głód W.
Journal of Economics and Management
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2013
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vol. 13
67-83
EN
The article deals with impact of internationalization on performance of small and medium enterprises. Some characteristics of the internationalization process along with its models are presented. Particular attention is paid to differences between classical models of internationalization and the so-called born global models. In the empirical part, results of the research into a sample of 100 internationalized enterprises functioning in the Silesian Voivodeship are discussed. The results enrich knowledge of internationalization models of Polish enterprises including born global models. The research undoubtedly confirms positive interdependencies between internationalization of small and medium enterprises and their financial and non-financial performance. The results of the research conducted allow for formulating general recommendations for both managers and politicians who are responsible for the overall economic policy.
10
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Internacjonalizacja przedsiębiorstw na rynku wewnętrznym UE w kontekście koncepcji euromarketingowej - perspektywy i wyzwania

72%
Komor M.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2014
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vol. 194
9-30
EN
The paper deals with the internationalisation of companies in the internal market of the European Union. It outlines the basics of the single market, the internationalisation of companies and the Euromarketing concept. The paper presents information on the intra-EU trade and the trade between the EU-28 and third countries. Moreover, it looks at the modes of internationalisation adopted by EU companies as well as the significance of the marketing concepts they use in the internationalisation process in various regions of the world. In the summary of the paper the author presents conclusions and discusses the internationalisation prospects of enterprises in the context of the Euromarketing concept and further integration within the single European market.
11
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Pomiar stopnia internacjonalizacji przedsiębiorstw - współczesne podejścia teoretyczne i założenia metodologiczne

72%
Szymura-Tyc M.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2013
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vol. 172
41-54
EN
Measuring the degree of internalisation of a firm is important for many reasons. Internationalisation of a firm is perceived as being related with many aspects of its performance i.e. innovativeness, competitiveness or efficiency. The most popular complex internationalisation indexes are usually applied to assess the degree of internationalization of the most internationalised, large transnational corporations. There is a little use of these indexes in measuring the degree of internationalization of firms in their early stages of internationalisation, such as the Polish firms are. The aim of the paper it to review the contemporary theoretical approaches to internationalisation of firms and derive some methodological assumptions concerning its measurement. It should help in creating more complex internationalisation indexes which could be used in measuring the degree of internationalisation of such firms.
12
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Internalisation of SMEs - Source of Competitive Advantage

72%
Majtán M., Šinský P.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2014
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vol. 183 cz 1
176-187
EN
Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) represent a substantial impact on the business environment. One of its strengths is its potential for innovation. The article deals with the development opportunities of innovation activities of SMEs at the national and international level.
13
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Proces internacjonalizacji polskich przedsiębiorstw - przegląd wyników badań

72%
Nizielska A.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2013
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vol. 172
123-134
EN
The aim of the article was the overview of research on the process of Polish companies internationalization. There were compared the main assumptions, methodology and results of research conducted on the process of Polish companies internationalization. The overview of research results allowed the author to formulate the conclusion, that there was no research on the role of Psychic Distance on the process of Polish companies internationalization. This is the research gap, which the author would like to fulfill in future.
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