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Uwarunkowanie i perspektywy współpracy Unii Europejskiej i Turcji w XXI wieku

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Stępniewska P.

Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe

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2017

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issue 2

161-176

PL

Artykuł poświęcony zmieniającym się uwarunkowaniom wewnętrznym Turcji oraz jej polityce zagranicznej od czasu przejęcia władzy przez konserwatywny obóz Partii Sprawiedliwości i Rozwoju (AKP) z Recepem Tayyipem Erdoğanem na czele. Okres pierwszej dekady rządów AKP doprowadził do zaskakującego skoku cywilizacyjnego, co zbliżyło państwo do Unii Europejskiej i uczyniło z Turcji liczący się podmiot stosunków międzynarodowych. Równolegle Erdoğan wykazywał coraz silniejsze aspiracje autorytarne, które stopniowo urzeczywistniał na mocy planu przebudowy starego kemalistowskiego porządku wewnętrznego. Wojna syryjska, kryzys migracyjny, reorientacja polityki zagranicznej Turcji, napięcia wewnętrzne po nieudanych puczu wojskowym oraz planowane reformy konstytucyjne w Turcji to nowe determinanty stosunków Turcja−Europa. Głównym celem analizy jest próba zrozumienia wyzwań, przed jakimi stoją obie strony oraz określenie potencjalnych perspektyw i scenariuszy przyszłych relacji w tych nowych realiach politycznych.

EN

First part of the paper is focused on changing domestic conditions of Turkey and its foreign policy since conservative Justice and Development Party (AKP) with Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in the lead, came to power. First decade of their rules led to surprising civilization jump, therefore Turkey – as signifi cant international actor – started to cooperate more closely with European Union. However, at the same time Erdoğan started to demonstrate stronger authoritarian aspirations, fulfi lling his plan of rebuilding an old Kemelist state architecture. Syrian war, migration crises, reorientation of Turkish foreign policy, consequences of failed military coup and constitutional reforms in Turkey are the new determinants of Turkey-Europe relations. For that reason, main objective of the following analysis is to present and understand the perspectives and challenges of their future cooperation within new political order.

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Cesta k proměnám tureckého režimu: aktéři, strategie a nástroje.

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Forýtek L.

Politologická revue (Czech Political Science Review)

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2020

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vol. 26

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issue 1

37-66

EN

Recently, Turkey has possibly been the most intensely studied and discussed country not only by a community of scholars interested in regime changes from comparative perspective but also by security and foreign policy experts. In this paper, the author explores regime shift from the perspective of the relations of two relevant players: the civilian government and the army; and constitutional changes implemented in this millennium. His political analysis supported by the perspective of the theory of securitisation (and desecuritisation) centres on the way of instruments and methods of this regime including asking two set of research questions: Firstly, what are the causes of the escalation of the confl ict between the AKP government and the army culminating in the 2016 coup? How did the role of a securitisation actor, and the securitisation and desecuritisation strategy transform in time? Secondly, what role did the coup play in the AKP's long-term eff ort to enforce the presidential system? Th e author found that there was permanent and systematic attempt to place the army under the AKP’s political control since getting power in 2002, using democratic instruments (elections, referendum on constitutional change) and nondemocratic methods (purges of the high rank staff ). Firstly, the government tried to eliminate the army’s role by desecuritisation, later; however, the government changed its strategy, and began to ‘re-securitise’ some political issues. Th e 2017 referendum was called aft er the change of the longterm policy of the opposition party MHP. As a result, the checks and balances were challenged by the government and the president’s power increased.

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DISCURSIVE GOVERNANCE: ERDOĞAN’S POPULIST DISCOURSES AS A MODE OF POWER PRESERVATION

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Jovanović S. M., Đidić A.

The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies

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2020

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issue 1

EN

Although he used to be praised by the West as a modernizer of Turkey, Erdoğan’s mode and discourse of governance have changed drastically over the last decade – he now employs severe counter-democratic measures and exclusionary, populist discourses. This article explores Erdoğan’s rule, focusing in particular on the discourses he promotes in order to keep power and attain increasing electoral support. In an analysis based on the theoretical foundations of Critical Discourse Analysis, Erdoğan’s reign is characterized by specific, exclusionary discourses, from creating the discursive Other established as the enemy and engaging in conspiracy discourses, to openly chastising and castigating his political opponents, while his popularity continues to increase.

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1 Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe

1 Politologická revue (Czech Political Science Review)

1 The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies

1 Forýtek L.

1 Jovanović S. M.

1 Stępniewska P.

1 Đidić A.

2 2020

1 2017

Uwarunkowanie i perspektywy współpracy Unii Europejskiej i Turcji w XXI wieku

Cesta k proměnám tureckého režimu: aktéři, strategie a nástroje.

DISCURSIVE GOVERNANCE: ERDOĞAN’S POPULIST DISCOURSES AS A MODE OF POWER PRESERVATION