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1

Issuance of the European investigation order at the stage of a preparatory proceeding for the purpose of obtaining information constituting bank secrecy

100%

Kąkol C.

Ius Novum

|

2023

|

vol. 17

|

issue 4 ENG

77-90

PL

The article discusses matters related to the issuance of the European Investigation Order (EIO) during the stage of a preparatory proceeding, the objective of which is to obtain information protected by banking secrecy from a foreign bank. Attention is drawn to the essence of this instrument of international cooperation in criminal matters and its comprehensive nature. A key problem revealed in prosecutorial and judicial practice consists of determining the entity competent to issue the European Investigation Order in the in rem phase of the preparatory proceedings. This issue also necessitates determining whether, in such a procedural situation, it is necessary to obtain the consent of the district court to access information subject to bank secrecy and whether this affects the scope of competence of the court or the prosecutor. An examination of case law and the accompanying opinions of the doctrine presented in the article reveals a non-uniform, even mutually exclusive, approach to this issue. A critical look at the presented range of views enables a clear stance on the aforementioned issues and the formulation of a de lege ferenda proposal.

2

THE EUROPEAN INVESTIGATION ORDER AS A MECHANISM FOR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN CRIMINAL CASES TO COMBAT CYBERCRIME

75%

OLBER P.

Przegląd Policyjny

|

2020

|

vol. 137(1)

174-187

EN

The fi ght against cybercrime requires effective and rapid solutions for the collection of digital evidence at the international level. An example of such an instrument is the European Investigation Order, which introduces a comprehensive system for obtaining evidence in cross-border cases. The legislation on this solution is contained in directive 2014/41/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 April 2014 on the European Investigation Order in criminal matters. The above regulations have been implemented into the Polish national law by the Act of 10 January 2018 amending the Act — The Code of Criminal Procedure and certain other acts. The European Investigation Order was presumably fi rst used by Polish law enforcement authorities in a case involving cybercrimes committed by a person using the aliases Thomas and Armaged0n. The use of this investigation measure made it possible to apprehend the offender many years after the fi rst offence was committed and the offender was identifi ed49. Despite this success, further changes to the European Investigation Order in national legislation are needed to improve the effectiveness of the fi ght against cybercrime. It should be proposed to modify the Prosecution Services’ Rules of Procedure as regards the authorities competent to issue European Investigation Orders. Currently, the authorities executing the European Investigation Order in Poland at the stage of preparatory proceedings are district prosecutor’s offi ces, whereas such powers should be vested in every prosecutor conducting preparatory proceedings.

3

Wydanie Europejskiego Nakazu Dochodzeniowego na etapie postępowania przygotowawczego w celu uzyskania informacji stanowiącej tajemnicę bankową

75%

Kąkol C.

Ius Novum

|

2023

|

vol. 17

|

issue 4

79-94

EN

This article discusses issues related to the issuance of the European Investigation Order (EIO) at the stage of preparatory proceedings when the subject of the proceedings is to obtain information covered by banking secrecy from a foreign bank. As part of the considerations, attention was paid to the essence of this instrument of international cooperation in criminal matters and its comprehensive nature. The key problem revealed in the prosecutorial and judicial practice is the determination of the entity competent to issue the European Investigation Order in the in rem phase of the preparatory proceedings. As part of this problem, it is also necessary to determine whether in such a procedural situation it is necessary to obtain the consent of the district court for access to bank secrecy and whether this affects the scope of competence of the court or the prosecutor. The query of the jurisprudence and the accompanying opinions of the doctrine carried out in the article revealed a non-uniform, even mutually exclusive, approach to this issue. A critical look at the presented range of views made it possible to take a clear position on the above-mentioned issues scope and formulation of the de lege ferenda postulate.

PL

W niniejszym artykule omówiono zagadnienia związane z wydaniem Europejskiego Nakazu Dochodzeniowego (END) na etapie postępowania przygotowawczego w przypadku, gdy jego przedmiotem jest uzyskanie od banku zagranicznego informacji objętych tajemnicą bankową. W ramach podjętych rozważań zwrócono uwagę na istotę tego instrumentu współpracy międzynarodowej w sprawach karnych i jego wszechstronny charakter. Głównym problemem, który ujawnił się w praktyce prokuratorsko-sądowej, jest określenie podmiotu właściwego do wydania Europejskiego Nakazu Dochodzeniowego w fazie in rem postępowania przygotowawczego. W ramach tego problemu chodzi również o ustalenie, czy w takiej sytuacji procesowej konieczne jest uzyskanie zgody sądu okręgowego na dostęp do tajemnicy bankowej i czy ma to wpływ na zakres kompetencji sądu lub prokuratora. Przeprowadzona w artykule kwerenda orzecznictwa i towarzyszących mu głosów doktryny ujawniła niejednolite, wręcz wzajemnie wykluczające się podejście do tego zagadnienia. Krytyczne spojrzenie na zaprezentowany wachlarz poglądów umożliwiło zajęcie klarownego stanowiska w ww. zakresie i sformułowanie postulatu de lege ferenda.

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Issuance of the European investigation order at the stage of a preparatory proceeding for the purpose of obtaining information constituting bank secrecy

THE EUROPEAN INVESTIGATION ORDER AS A MECHANISM FOR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN CRIMINAL CASES TO COMBAT CYBERCRIME

Wydanie Europejskiego Nakazu Dochodzeniowego na etapie postępowania przygotowawczego w celu uzyskania informacji stanowiącej tajemnicę bankową