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THE IMPORTANCE OF THE EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY’S ACTIVITIES FOR THE SECURITY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

100%
BRYŁA J.
Przegląd Strategiczny
|
2018
|
issue 11
81-94
EN
The aim of this article is to show that the activities of the European Space Agency contribute significantly to the security of the European Union. What was required to develop space potential and to start using it for security purposes was the political and programmatic evolution of both organizations. The original objectives for which the European Space Agency was established were not related to security. Before the ESA became an organization with important implications for the security of the EU, it was an intergovernmental organization exclusively dedicated to the exploration and exploitation of space for peaceful purposes. The paper assumes that in order for this evolution to be possible, both the ESA and the EU had to find and/or develop common platforms and forms of possible cooperation. The paper identifies the most important reasons for and stages of this evolution, as expressed in program documentation. As this process is not yet complete, the remaining obstacles to the optimal use of the potential of both organizations to strengthen the security of the European Union are identified. The paper was created on the basis of the descriptive method, analysis of the content of documents and synthesis.
2
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New Space: The European Union's Evolving Space Policy and Changing European Space Ecosystem

88%
Erler Bayır Ö., Mermer Akmaz K., Aktaş Ö.
Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs
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2021
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vol. 25
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issue 4
113-132
EN
Throughout the years, the identity and institutional capacity of the European Union (EU) has changed. As a global actor in international politics, the EU has perceived the need for developing a comprehensive space policy perspective. This perspective has evolved by the changing dynamics of the space ecosystem i.e., “New Space”, and it is a phenomenon that consists of new business models, new technologies, new markets, new value chains, and new actors. New actors in space activities have drastically altered the dynamics of space activities. This paper aims to examine the new actors in the context of European space governance, and scrutinise the tendencies of space companies so as to develop a better understanding of the European space system. The article concludes that, being aware of the undeniable importance of space applications and the security of space systems, the EU attaches importance to catching the “New Space” trend in its governance structure and encouraging appropriate changes in the sector.
3
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Europejska Agencja Kosmiczna

75%
Wilmanowicz M.
Zeszyty Naukowe Zbliżenia Cywilizacyjne
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2018
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vol. 14
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issue 1
152-163
EN
The European Space Agency (ESA) is currently an international organisation of 22 Member States. The Agency contributes, inter alia, to supporting the advancement of satellite technology and renders respective satellite services. Pursuant to the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space Agreement, Poland joined ESA in November 2012, although the cooperation between Poland and ESA had been continued much earlier. Drawing upon both Polish and foreign literature, the article refers to most important tasks, organizational and legal issues, information on the activities conducted so far, as well as basic information on the members of the international Agency.
PL
Europejska Agencja Kosmiczna (ESA) jest organizacją międzynarodową zrzeszającą obecnie 22 państwa członkowskie. Agencja przyczynia się między innymi do wsparcia postępu technologii i usług satelitarnych. Polska dołączyła do ESA w listopadzie 2012 r., chociaż współpraca Polski z ESA trwała już znacznie wcześniej, na podstawie Umowy o współpracy w zakresie pokojowego wykorzystania przestrzeni kosmicznej. Bazując na literaturze polskiej oraz zagranicznej, w artykule zostały przedstawione najważniejsze zadania, zagadnienia organizacyjno-prawne, informacje na temat dotychczasowej działalności wraz z podstawowymi wiadomościami na temat członków tej organizacji międzynarodowej.
4
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Europejska Agencja Kosmiczna (ESA) – ambitne plany, skromne możliwości, potężni konkurenci

71%
Turczyński P.
Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej
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2020
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issue 14
291-309
EN
The article is devoted to the genesis, structure and present potential of the European Space Agency. This structure consolidates the projects of European countries related to the exploration of space. In recent years, ESA has undertaken numerous scientific and research projects. Despite the powerful base, which is the European economy, ESA has much less opportunities than its main competitor – the American NASA. Space research conducted by ESA is often complementary and auxiliary to NASA’s plans. Space agencies from other countries – Russia, China and Japan – are also strong competitors for ESA.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest genezie, strukturze i obecnemu potencjałowi Europejskiej Agencji Kosmicznej. Struktura ta konsoliduje projekty państw europejskich, dotyczące badania przestrzeni kosmicznej. W ostatnich latach ESA podejmowała liczne projekty naukowo-badawcze. Mimo potężnego zaplecza, jakim jest europejska gospodarka, ESA ma jednak znacznie mniejsze możliwości niż jej główna konkurentka – amerykańska NASA. Badania kosmosu, prowadzone przez ESA często mają charakter uzupełniający i pomocniczy wobec planów NASA. Silnymi konkurentami dla ESA są też agencje kosmiczne innych państw – Rosji, Chin czy Japonii.
5
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Majątkowe prawa autorskie jako prawa majątkowe inne niż własność

45%
Olszówka T.
Themis Polska Nova
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2017
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issue 1(12)
192-227
EN
The article presents a legal framework for entrepreneurs in the context of the programs of the European Space Agency (ESA). ESA has its own procurement and delivery system in which contractors can be entrepreneurs, including micro, small and medium sized ones (SMEs). Within the ESA system, entrepreneurs may be contractors themselves or be partners in consortia or be subcontractors of entrepreneurs (or consortia) that have concluded an order or supply contract for ESA. This article briefly presents ESA’s procurement procedure along with three selected clauses in ESA’s contracts: the provision of intellectual property rights, the “Best Practices” clauses for subcontractors and the special clauses ensuring participation of SMEs in ESA’s programs.
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