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Textiles in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century probate inventories from Styria (Austria): innovation and distribution

100%
Pöttler B.
Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)
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2023
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vol. 110
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issue 1
11-31
EN
This paper focuses on the inhabitants of the duchy of Styria, the inhabitants of small towns, market towns, the capital Graz and rural dominions. There is a particular emphasis on local merchants who were distributors of fabrics and final products. Their probate inventories allow us to gain insights into the products that were locally available and are often regarded as best source for research into changes in consumer habits. Cotton and silk are important indicators of such changes. The article is based on probate inventories covering the period from around 1660 to around 1790, along with several examples from before and after this period. The core of the research database is nearly 1,140 probate inventories from the monastery of Seckau, around 110 from the city of Graz, and another 234 from other Styrian towns, market towns, and dominions. Despite the relatively large number of sources, the study follows a historical-anthropological approach.
2

Going Their Own Way? The Swiss Ethnology in the 19th and the First Half of the 20th Century

100%
Woitsch J.
Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)
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2019
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vol. 29
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issue 1
15 - 29
EN
The article submits a chronologically explained development of the Swiss ethnology with an emphasis on the development in the 19th century through the 1960s, whereby the interest in cultural diversity as well as that defined in other ways in older periods is partially included as a theme. Great attention is paid to key personalities in the history of the Swiss ethnology, in particular to Eduard Hoffmann­Krayer and Richard Weiss, and to how they influenced the theoretical and methodological as well as thematic shifts in the orientation of the discipline. Further significant persons and important works of the Swiss ethnology are mentioned as well, and the institutional basis of the discipline is described. The author presents the Swiss ethnology as quite a peculiar and progressive research discourse. This was formed under a strong influence of the German Volkskunde, but evolving in a country featuring a specifically multi­ethnic composition of the population, a significantly different historical development, as compared to Germany, and special, even extreme natural and geographical conditions that contributed to the survival of many archaic elements of the so­called folk culture until the 20th century.
3

From Folklivsforskning to European Ethnology and Anthropology, and Back: Swedish Ethnology in the 19th through 21st Centuries

86%
Woitsch J.
Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)
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2017
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vol. 27
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issue 3
224 - 235
EN
The chronologically approached essay outlines the development of Swedish ethnology from its amateur beginnings through establishing the museum and university scientific discipline in the 19th and the first half of the 20th century. Great attention is paid to the essential modernization of the discipline by Sigurd Erixon, which had all-European impact through the theoreticalmethodological formation of the comparative all-European ethnology´s concept, as well as to the subsequent processes of sociologization and anthropologization of the discipline in the 1970s and 1980s, and the shift in the Swedish ethnologists´ focus from the study of the past to current social problems. The contemporary situation in Swedish ethnology, the example of which the so-called Lund School is, is described as a convergence of cultural-historical and anthropological approaches and the discipline is considered to be one of the most progressive in the all-European context. The essay mentions several profiling personalities of Swedish ethnology from the 19th century to date as well as key works, and it describes the past and the contemporary institutional basis of the discipline.
4

Evropská etnologie a koncept nehmotného kulturního dědictví

72%
Janeček P.
Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)
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2015
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vol. 25
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issue 3
273 - 282
EN
The article deals with critical analysis of contemporary acceptance of the intangible cultural heritage concept in field of European ethnology. European ethnology has strong historic experience with making the key analytical terms of its study (“folk”, “traditional folk culture”, “folklore”, “tradition”) problematical. In its long history, these terms were more times redefined, deconstructed or even fully abandoned. In the last years, external as well as internal criticism of this traditional ethnological terminology led to a quick acceptance of an applied and originally political term “intangible cultural heritage” that was primarily created for the UNESCO international agenda. Unlike the above mentioned traditional ethnological terms, this concept features a lot of undoubted advantages (modern understanding of culture as a process and practice, not only as a product; social construction of its meaning; taking into consideration the community’s and society’s decision about its passing down from generation to generation; international consensus about its meaning). On the other hand, however, it brings about a lot of problematical facts (derivation from an unclearly defined applied concept of “heritage”; nature of a mere enumeration of designates; weak theoretical reflexion of the concept in the contrast with its strong political and ideological background). On a ground of the concise overview Begriffgeschichte, i.e. a brief history of the European ethnology’s terminology, the essay tries to find a corresponding position for this concept and to contemplate its role for this unusual discipline that is located at the boundary line between historiography, social sciences and humanities.
5
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Od rituálů a obyčejů k performancím aneb jak studovat festivity moderní doby?

72%
Šima K.
Studia Ethnologica Pragensia
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2017
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issue 1
17-49
EN
In this article author suggests new possibilities in studying modern festivities based on thorough review of existing literature. His goal is to review and confront three disciplinary discourses that conceptualized social practices related to festive cultures. First, theories of ritual in social and cultural anthropology are analysed and assessed in relation to modern festivities. Second, the concepts of custom and habit used in the European ethnology, especially Central European tradition of Volkskunde (including Czech národopis), are presented and considered for research of modern festivities. Third, historical discourse about modern festivities is presented and theoretical challenges related to the historical perspective are introduced. On these grounds author proposes a conceptual framework based on performance studies that both reflects advantages of former three disciplinary discourses and overcomes their disadvantages. Finally, a set of new and innovative research questions is suggested.
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