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A Critical Analysis of Europeanism as an Ideology. Its Preconditions and Tenets

100%
Śliwiński K. F.
Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs
|
2020
|
issue 4
7-24
EN
This paper looks at European integration and specifically at its institutional form – the European Union from an ideological perspective. The author claims that ‘Europeanism’ has become a new ideology shared among intellectual, political, judicatory, societal, and even dominant economic elites that influence or shape the European Union as an institution and its major policies. As an ideology, ‘Europeanism’ is a somewhat exotic mixture of various, seemingly incoherent trends that give the current European Union its intriguing characteristics. On the one hand, economically, one can easily identify numerous elements of neoliberalism, especially regarding the financial aspects of European integration. Likewise, arguments used by the major proponents of European integration vis-à-vis USA, China, or Japan are of neoliberal character. At the same time, regarding international trade in agricultural products, intellectual property, or internal (single market) competition (freedom of labour) one rather quickly spots distinct elements of protectionism and over-regulation. Finally, in terms of philosophical outlook and especially moral issues, ‘Europeanism’ seems to be mostly focusing on the progressive agenda.
2
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Silesian teachers in the face of European integration

88%
Stanek J.
The New Educational Review
|
2004
|
vol. 2
113-117
EN
The aim of education in the uniting Europe is to teach people of different cultures, religions and nationalities how to live together in peace. In the political aspect, it means bringing about rapprochement between nations. In Polish circumstances, Europeanism in the school context means carrying out activities aimed at making pupils realize the existence of the European Union, as well as its objectives and guiding rules. European education assumes that the European Community should be perceived not only in the institutional, economic or political perspective, but mainly in the human one, as related to ever tightening bonds within the frameworks of the OId Continent that build an integrated community. However, the consciousness of the on-going changes can hardly be acknowledged as prevailing and well founded, since the probing research reveals that the knowledge of European problems among present and future Polish teachers from the Upper Silesian region is only fragmentary. Such a state of affairs should be a subject of retlection, especially in view of PoIand's imminent accession to the European Union.
3
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La diplomacia cultural de la España de Franco

75%
Orella Martínez J. L.
Przegląd Europejski
|
2015
|
vol. 2015 (37)(3)
50-64
EN
The post-war period was a difficult time for Spain because of its international isolation. The need to improve its image and to be admitted to the UN lead to the instrumentalisation of culture as a parallel diplomacy that allowed to establish the necessary relationships. ICH, BFHI, CEDI and OCAU activities helped form groups favourable to Spain, from which it benefited with restoring diplomatic presence. Pragmatism and the absence of politicisation of international relations of Spain in Hispanic-American and Arab areas are consequences of the work of “cultural ambassadors”. Okres powojenny był dla Hiszpanii trudny z uwagi na jej izolację na arenie międzynarodowej. Potrzeba poprawy wizerunku i pragnienie przyjęcia do ONZ doprowadziła do instrumentalizacji kultury jako równoległego narzędzia dyplomacji, które umożliwiło nawiązanie oczekiwanych relacji zewnętrznych. Działania ICH, BFHI, CEDI i OCAU doprowadziły do stworzenia grup nacisku przychylnych Hiszpanii, dzięki którym udało się przywrócić stosunki dyplomatyczne. Pragmatyzm i brak upolitycznienia stosunków międzynarodowych Hiszpanii w obszarach latynoamerykańskim i arabskim są konsekwencją zaangażowania „ambasadorów kultury”.
4
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Глобализация и модернизация в развитых и развивающихся странах характерные черты и основные стратегии

63%
Avdeev E., Vorobiev S.
Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski
|
2019
|
vol. 2
149-159
EN
The paper reviews the interconnection of globalization and modernization processes in developing countries. The typical features of the new stage of globalization, such as changing the direction of globalization, regionalization, formation of new global development centers, as well as other problems and contradictions in the main trends of globalization and their impact on the modernization processes in developing countries are discussed. The article analyzes the main strategies of modernization developing countries such as modernization based on the coercive, political and economic pressure of the Western world, leading to copying of socio-economic and political development models and institutions and a modernization strategy based on the convergence of global development models and national socio-economic models. The authors consider the main features of the entry into the world development of the countries of Eastern Europe on the basis of preserving state and socio-cultural integrity and defining their own specificity of entering into a single European community already formed.
5

La diplomacia cultural de la España de Franco

51%
Orella Martínez J. L.
Przegląd Europejski
|
2015
|
issue 3(37)
50-65
EN
The post-war period was a difficult time for Spain because of its international isolation. The need to improve its image and to be admitted to the UN lead to the instrumentalisation of culture as a parallel diplomacy that allowed to establish the necessary relationships. ICH, BFHI, CEDI and OCAU activities helped form groups favourable to Spain, from which it benefited with restoring diplomatic presence. Pragmatism and the absence of politicisation of international relations of Spain in Hispanic-American and Arab areas are consequences of the work of “cultural ambassadors”.
PL
Okres powojenny był dla Hiszpanii trudny z uwagi na jej izolację na arenie międzynarodowej. Potrzeba poprawy wizerunku i pragnienie przyjęcia do ONZ doprowadziła do instrumentalizacji kultury jako równoległego narzędzia dyplomacji, które umożliwiło nawiązanie oczekiwanych relacji zewnętrznych. Działania ICH, BFHI, CEDI i OCAU doprowadziły do stworzenia grup nacisku przychylnych Hiszpanii, dzięki którym udało się przywrócić stosunki dyplomatyczne. Pragmatyzm i brak upolitycznienia stosunków międzynarodowych Hiszpanii w obszarach latynoamerykańskim i arabskim są konsekwencją zaangażowania „ambasadorów kultury”.
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