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1
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Ewangelickie zakłady opiekuńcze na Mazurach w drugiej połowie XIX wieku

100%
Jasiński G.
Gdański Rocznik Ewangelicki
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2013
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vol. 7
114-139
EN
In the 1860s it seemed that the evangelical Inner Mission would be recorded as an extremely interesting chapter in Masurian history, owing to Friedrich Salomon Oldenberg’s journey and Johann Hinrich Wichern, who was involved with it. However, a combination of events caused the Masurian issue to vanish rapidly out of the sight of the Mission’s head office in Berlin. Left on its own, the East Prussian department of the Inner Mission was not capable on its own – in spite of the tenuous efforts of individuals – to take steps going beyond its standard work, and neither did it intend to do so. This work, together with the development the Inner Mission in Masuria in general, was also paralysed by a lack of staff. It was not enough to lean on the overworked parish clergy, and lay people did not show much interest in it. The attempts to get through to Masuria’s population with the Mission’s ideas through the use of the press and literature were impeded by controversies concerning the Church’s policy on the German-speaking population and the pushing through of a radical Germanisation programme by some of the clergy connected with the Mission. The activity of the Mission reached other dimensions, aided by other institutions outside East Prussia, for the development of social services, children’s homes and orphanages. Their rapid development in the second half of nineteenth century was on the one hand a reaction to the terrible situation in the years 1867-1868 and on the other hand channeled into the general Prussian and German trend towards the modernization of the country, and was the consequence of economic and social improvement. Socially and industrially neglected Masuria benefited from the situation because on its territory, either in the centre or on the outskirts, many significant social care institutions were placed. It did not solve all the problems but provided protection for people in need. The Inner Mission, with relatively small but notable participation from the clergy, took part in the creation of many social care institutions, providing human resources.
2
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Neopietyzm a postawy narodowe. Ruch gromadkarski na Mazurach w XIX i XX w. Część II (1945 – 1956)

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Jasiński G.
Gdański Rocznik Ewangelicki
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2015
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vol. 9
84-114
XX
The Polish Lutheran Church between the years 1945-1956 was unable to gain the full confidence of its new German worshippers. This resulted in the treatment of this Church as a foreign and imposed one. When, in the course of time, the worshippers came to terms with the status quo, acceptance of the Church increased, but as a factor distinguishing them from Polish Catholics. The distance dividing them from migrant Poles, caused by national factors and historical experiences, was increased by religious differences. A significant role in this situation was played by the Small Group Movement. It did not have an organized nature, but its mental revivalist structuressurvived the period of the Second World War. An awareness of war atrocities strengthened the spirit of eschatology among some of the Small Group Movement members, which is why some of them accepted the existing political situation, regarding it as a penalty for disregarding God’s rules. Some of the Small Group Movement members, especially those who were previously in opposition to German Christians, began to co-operate with the Polish Lutheran Church, which was new to them. On the other hand, for some of the worshippers who existed in unofficial structures, there was an opportunity to fulfill their basic religious needs, which the Polish Lutheran Church was unable to offer them due to its organizational weakness. From the very beginning the key problem of organization was that caused by language, which was a throw-back to the situation in the nine-teenth century and the first years of Weimar Republic, when German was still considered to be “the Church language”. This was the reason why a significant part of the Small Group Movement met with mistrust from the Polish Lutheran Church, which for various reasons was implementing a Polonisation policy, and the open hostility of the police-administrative machinery. On the other hand, inside the Small Group Movement, there was little unity but numerous scattered initiatives, and an escalation of German national spirit became in many instances equally important, or even more important than religious matters.
3
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Neopietyzm a postawy narodowe. Ruch gromadkarski na Mazurach w XIX i XX w. (do 1956) Część I

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Jasiński G.
Gdański Rocznik Ewangelicki
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2014
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vol. 8
108-134
EN
The Small Group Movement in East Prussia, in spite of some external inspiration, was an original product of the local Masurian (and Lithuanian) community, deeply embedded in it and reflecting its religious needs. Its initial radicalizing effect, however, created local distrust, but this was not characteristic of the Movement as such, but only some of its outer forms. Nevertheless, the Small Group Members, unless they denied it of their own will, remained the rightful members of their communities, and were not excluded from them. Modernization processes in the second half of the nineteenth century, marked by significant association trends, reached the community Movement as well, the expression of which was the establishment of the East Prussian Prayer Association in 1885 and other organizations originating from it. The source of these divisions were matters stemming from social tensions, general cultural changes and the desire to take up the challenge. However this Movement, remained in a large measure a bulwark of conservatism and multilinguistic conceptions of the Prussian state, the latter dating back to the period prior to 1871, although the desire to preserve old traditions (principally to maintain the Polish and Lithuanian languages as lingua sacra) did not mean resistance to the state. On the contrary, according to the criteria of the Movement, they acknowledged strictly every authority, unless it contravened common moral rules.
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Losy Ewangelickiego Zakładu Diakonijnego w Ząbkowicach Śląskich w latach 1945–1946. Przyczynek do dziejów ewangelickiej diakonii żeńskiej na Śląsku

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Pawłowski K.
Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka
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2019
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vol. 74
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issue 4
37-50
EN
The article presents the last years of Evangelical Diaconal Institution in Ząbkowice Śląskie, which was founded in the mid-19th century to care of the sick and children. Chronicles and memoirs stored in the deaconesses archive in Wertheim (Germany) were used as sources.
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An der Schnittstelle zwischen Ost und West Evangelische Kirchenmusik in Siebenbürgen

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Philippi U.
Review of Ecumenical Studies Sibiu
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2015
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vol. 7
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issue 3
441-446
EN
Due to historical developments, Evangelical church music in Transylvania has changed significantly in recent decades. Major events that had an impact on this development are the establishment of the communist regime in Romania and the mass exodus of German-speaking Evangelical congregation members from most Transylvanian towns and villages. This poses a challenge for the Evangelical Church, who has to conserve and maintain largely unused and empty churches, as well as their assets, such as organs, sheet music, and other musical paraphernalia. However, the changed situation also has its benefits, since it requires an opening of the small Evangelical Church toward others. Music is particularly useful medium for this opening towards the non-Evangelical world, as it is not language-bound.
6
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Motywy działalności charytatywnej w Kościele starożytnym

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Müller A., Kalbarczyk A.
Teologia Praktyczna
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2019
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issue 20
9-20
EN
The article gives a systematic justifi cation of charitable activity following the teaching of many Church Fathers on this issue – from Cyprian of Carthage onward – contained in their orations and writings on almsgiving and works of charity. The ancient Church used numerous biblical texts to justify charity, and in many of them we can fi nd a direcThe article gives a systematic justifi cation of charitable activity following the teaching of many Church Fathers on this issue – from Cyprian of Carthage onward – contained in their orations and writings on almsgiving and works of charity. The ancient Church used numerous biblical texts to justify charity, and in many of them we can fi nd a direct appeal for individual commitment to charitable acts. Albeit such a motivation makes diakonia a form of righteousness by works, which is unacceptable to Protestants, in the teaching of the Church Fathers one also discovers lines of argumentation focused on the addressees of charity and based on Christian anthropology. Apart from arguments of this type there are also modes of justifi cation of charity connected to institutional diakonia which was likely to be driven by the pressure of interreligious competition, pursuit of prestige by Church dignitaries and their desire to exert a personal infl uence over the life of the Church and society. 
PL
Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia w sposób systematyczny uzasadnienie dobroczynności, jakie dawało wielu ojców Kościoła – począwszy od Cypriana z Kartaginy – w swoich mowach i pismach na temat jałmużny i uczynków miłosierdzia. Kościół starożytny posługiwał się licznymi tekstami biblijnymi dla uzasadnienia dobroczynności. W wielu z nich znajdziemy bezpośrednie wezwania do indywidualnego zaangażowania charytatywnego. Taka motywacja czyni jednak z diakonii formę sprawiedliwości z uczynków, która jest nie do przyjęcia dla protestantów. Niemniej w nauczaniu ojców Kościoła znaleźć można również takie linie argumentacji, które zwrócone są przede wszystkim w stronę adresata dobroczynności, oparte na chrześcijańskiej antropologii. Obok takiej argumentacji spotkać można także uzasadnienia związane z diakonią instytucjonalną, w ramach której do działalności charytatywnej mogła pobudzać presja międzyreligijnej konkurencji, a także chęć zdobycia prestiżu u dostojników kościelnych i wywierania osobistego wpływu na życie Kościoła i społeczeństwa.
7
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Zachovat kontinuitu evangelické teologie – za jakou cenu? Příběh Komenského evangelické bohoslovecké fakulty v letech tzv. normalizace

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Morée P.
Slovo a smysl - Word & Sense
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2020
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vol. 17
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issue 35
95-104
EN
This study focuses on the ‘normalisation’ of the Comenius Protestant Theological Faculty in Prague. The author argues that it was undertaken here in a different manner than at other academic institu tions. This is particularly evident in the context of turnover, insofar as no changes were made to the party faithful [kádr] who made up the theological faculty after 1969. As a consequence, the faculty came to act as proxies of the regime’s normalisation policy. The author claims moreover that it was the students who most vocally opposed the changes made under normalisation, at least until 1974, when they protested against the expulsion of several parish priests from church services. For several of the protesters, this resulted in their own expulsion from the department. The decision to do so was made by government authorities, but its implementation was carried out by faculty adminis trators – that is to say, by professors who had been committed to the process of democratisation up to 1968, but who now called for obedience to the normalisation regime. Inevitably, such behaviour led to their discrediting and the weakening of their authority in evangelical circles. Meanwhile, these same members of the theology faculty emphasized that socialist society is a better guarantor of justice than the capitalist establishment, a position which deepened the crisis in the Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren and undermined the relevancy of the faculty in the eyes of their students.
8
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Ewangelicy a zobowiązania materialne względem parafii katolickich na obszarze historycznej Warmii w pierwszej połowie XIX wieku

58%
Jodkowski M.
Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie
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2015
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vol. 289
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issue 3
433-448
DE
In der ersten Hälfte des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts in den Bereichen der historischen Warmia Prinzip der territorialen Zugehörigkeit der Gemeinde beibehalten, oder die Zuordnung zu einer Gemeinde Menschen, die es bewohnt. Es wirkte sich auch auf die Bewohner einer anderen Religion, solange die Mitglieder der Kirche nicht eine Minderheit in einem bestimmten Ort der Gemeinde hatte. Dies galt vor allem auf die Evangelikalen, die für die katholische Kirche bestanden bietet. Aufzeichnungen über die Verpflichtungen materieller Hinsicht von den Kirchen dieser Bezeichnung kam auch zu den Dekreten der erektilen evangelischen Kirchspiel. Einzelne Städte von Ermland nahmen an der Finanzierung Budowalnych katholischen Gemeinden umgesetzt werden, und auch die katholischen Schulen geholfen, auf der Grundlage der Besteuerung der Bürger unabhängig von ihrer Konfession. Katholischen Klerus Zehnte von evangelischen Bevölkerung zu erheben. Dank der Intervention der staatlichen Behörden, in den späten zwanziger Jahren des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts, die meisten protestantischen Grundbesitzer beschuldigt die Gewohnheit bieten so genannte kleine Weihnachtslieder für katholische Priester und kirchliche Mitarbeiter.
EN
In the first half of the nineteenth century maintained in areas of historical Warmia principle of territorial affiliation of the parish, or assignment to a parish people who inhabited it. It also affected the inhabitants of another religion, as long as members of the Church did not have a minority in a given place of the parish. This applied mainly to the evangelicals, who passed providing for the Catholic Church. Records of commitments material terms of the churches of this denomination also came to the decrees of erectile evangelical parish. Individual towns of Warmia participated in the financing creational implemented Catholic parishes, and also aided Catholic schools, based on the taxation of citizens regardless of their confession. Catholic clergy levying tithes from evangelical population. Thanks to the intervention of state authorities, in the late twenties of the nineteenth century, most Protestant landowners accused the habit of offering so-called small Christmas carols for Catholic priests and church workers.
9
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Życie społeczno-religijne Olsztynka w latach 1945–1950

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Makowski J.
Studia Elbląskie
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2020
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vol. 21
179-195
EN
In the article, the author explains the course of events after incorporating Olsztynek into the Polish People’s Republic after the Second World War. Makowski’s main areas of focus are the changes observed in religious and social spheres as well as the implementation of a new, communist government in lands previously inhabited by Germans. The author’s sources are the National Archive in Olsztyn, the Warmia Archdiocese Archive along with chronicles, witness accounts, and studies in both Polish and German. Makowski points out the changes that took place in Olsztynek after the Second World War. The article providesa clear and deep analysis of this short yet critical event in the history of Olsztynek.
PL
Artykuł opowiada o wydarzeniach, do których doszło po włączeniu Olsztynka do Polski Ludowej po zakończeniu II wojny światowej. Tekst skupia się przede wszystkim na opisie przemian społeczno-religijnych, które były efektem całkowitej zmiany struktury ludności oraz wprowadzenia władz komunistycznych na poniemieckich terenach. Podstawę źródłową stanowią materiały znajdujące się w Archiwum Państwowym w Olsztynie oraz Archiwum Archidiecezji Warmińskiej, kroniki, relacje świadków oraz opracowania polsko- i niemieckojęzyczne. Tekst dowodzi, jak powojenne realia nieodwracalnie zmieniły charakter miasta. Stanowi wnikliwe usystematyzowanie informacji o tym krótkim, lecz przełomowym okresie w dziejach Olsztynka.
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