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FAMILY NETWORKS AND THE RULING ELITE OF THE CITY OF LUBLIN IN THE EARLY 16TH CENTURY

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Chojeta M.

Studia Historyczne

2008

vol. 51

issue 3-4

263-278

This analysis focuses on a group of 56 persons whose family ties can be traced in the municipal records of the city of Lublin, ie. proceedings of the mayoral and councilmen's courts, official civic records, entries from registers of grants, property transfers, wills and deeds. Family connections seem to have played an important role in the functioning of the Lublin civic elite. They were employed both as a means of advancement and of entrenchment on the social ladder. The case material collected for this study contains ample evidence of the process of turning privileged status into a heritable possession. Moreover, the ambitions of some families seem to have been fixed on creating office-holding dynasties (eg. the Minczarowie-Kropidlowie, Kielbasowie, Lubomelscy, Stanowie, and Byczkowie-Sierpowscy). While it is possible to trace the mechanisms of intermarriage within the power elite, it would be wrong to call it an in-group closed to outsiders. In the choice of marriage partners local candidates were the norm, although there were some exceptions. It cannot be ruled out that romantic attachment played a role in a number of matches, especially those where the bride was not a Lublin resident. The source material is less clear on the status of widows from that social group. Those that married again were, it seems, in a position to assist the rise of their new husbands. However, in the majority of cases widows simply dropped out of the Lublin civic elite. The picture which emerges from the data on medieval Lublin elites demonstrates that family networks not only had a conspicuous presence in the life of Polish cities in the Middle Ages but also could be used as a sure foothold by outsiders aspiring to join the privileged upper crust.

RÜCKWANDERUNGSDYNAMIKEN UND TRANSNATIONALE FAMILIÄRE NETZWERKE: ERFAHRUNGEN VON REMIGRANTINNEN IN DER TÜRKEI

88%

Rittersberger-Tiliç H.

Asian and African Studies

2013

vol. 22

issue 1

31 – 48

In this contribution, based on a qualitative research conducted in 2008 – 2009 in Ankara and Antalya (Turkey), return migration from Germany to Turkey is analysed. Different dynamics are elaborated. A central return motive is the worsening situation on the German labour market and considerations concerning a possible improvement of social status in the return context. Main question is, in how far family migration networks are explanatory for a discussion of differences in return and circular migration patterns? Among others a comparison was made concerning 1) motives, values, emotional affiliations (longing for a home) and 2) circumstances resulting in circular migration strategies or reasons for a permanent settlement in the return context, i.e. educational and job opportunities and also marriage. Gender and generational differences were considered. The decision to return or to engage in circular migration strongly depends on the place of residence of the family members and material and immaterial supports provided by the family. Transnational family- and migration networks, the interconnection of different migrant generations, the exchange of different migration experiences and the resulting transfer of economic, social, cultural and symbolic capital has to be mentioned as important. In addition the legal embeddedness in Germany (residence permits, citizenship, welfare benefits, etc.) as well as better chances on the Turkish labour market and better educational opportunities (school/university) in Turkey turned out to be decisive.

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1 Asian and African Studies

1 Studia Historyczne

1 Chojeta M.

1 Rittersberger-Tiliç H.

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FAMILY NETWORKS AND THE RULING ELITE OF THE CITY OF LUBLIN IN THE EARLY 16TH CENTURY

RÜCKWANDERUNGSDYNAMIKEN UND TRANSNATIONALE FAMILIÄRE NETZWERKE: ERFAHRUNGEN VON REMIGRANTINNEN IN DER TÜRKEI