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Renty strukturalne na gruncie prawa niemieckiego

100%
Milanowska D.
Studia Iuridica Agraria
|
2010
|
vol. 8
115-136
EN
Early retirement scheme (Landabgaberente) has a long tradition in German law and was in operation in Germany until 2006. Its original construction is worth deeper analysis, which could be significant for the doctrine of law. The German law provides for a range of obligatory conditions, which must be fulfilled in order for a farmer to be granted an early retirement. The most interesting provisions which characterise the instrument in German law are the short period of time foreseen for application of the instrument, the variety of legal forms of land transfer, the special regulation for disabled farmers, the obligatory transfer for the purpose of improvement of agricultural structures as well as accessibility of the land for promising and well–operating agricultural holdings. Farmers fulfilling the necessary conditions have a claim for the scheme, and thus granting of financial assistance can not be limited by the State financial means currently at the disposal. The effectiveness of the early retirement scheme in Germany was reinforced by supplementary instruments such as the production–giving–up–pension (Produktionsaufgaberente) and the compensation aid (Ausgleichgeld).
2

SOCIÁLNE A PSYCHOLOGICKÉ ASPEKTY KOOPERÁCIE V AGRÁRNYCH SPOLOČENSTVÁCH VO VOJVODINE (SRBSKO)

63%
Hulín M.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
|
2015
|
vol. 63
|
issue 1
25 – 40
EN
The study focuses on issues of cooperation and reciprocity in the theoretical context, designated as mutualist approach. This approach is confronted with altruistic models of cooperation. The study is based on author ś long-term field research of cooperation during field works by farmers in Serbia. On the basis of the description of the origin, the process and the end of costly forms of cooperation, he sought to describe the social and psychological factors that are important for stable cooperation. In this context, emphasis is placed on the evolved sense for fairness and sensitivity to moral reputation and its evaluative and communication aspects which disseminate and stabilise the social norms of cooperation. Also attention is paid to conflicts of interest that motivated farmers to misuse cooperation, and to an analysis of the ways of resolving potential disputes. The results of the study show the sensitivity of peasants to the proportionality of their contribution and the benefits obtained from cooperation, including expectations regarding proportionality between their rights and obligations. When these expectations were not met, their cooperation ended. Due to the threat of open conflicts, they preferred less costly, symbolic sanctions or their institutional coverage. The key to stable cooperation seems to be the sticking to mutual benefits and mutual respect for farmers’ interests. Moreover, the mutualistic approach can also be used to describe many cases of altruistic help, which, however, does not exclude sincere willingness and an effort to help without claiming any reward.
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