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EN
The article gives an insight into the world of Polish migrant women in Rome which can be roughly divided into two spheres - professional and recreational. Based on the reconstruction of women migrants' personal stories, the relationships they have fostered and social networks which have familiarized their place of arrival, the authoress takes a look at various forms of leisure activities, as one aspect of the everyday life of Polish women working in Rome as domestic workers. Examining forms of spending free time allows her to focus in on trans-national practices which lead to a mingling of Roman and Polish culture. Women migrants are able to make public spaces their own, thus 'taming' Rome. The migration of Polish women to Italy comes with the globalization of the care and domestic service industry. Italy, similarly to other developed countries, has undergone a feminization of the workplace and has needed to fill the gap in the reproduction works - that is, proper household functioning and childcare, as well as care for elderly family members living separately, but not fully self-reliant. Owing to native workers' lack of interest in such work, mainly due to low pay and casual employment terms, the niche began to be filled by immigrants. The above mentioned ethno-professional stratification also applies to Polish women migrants taking up jobs as a 'badante' (care worker) or a 'colf' (domestic worker).
PL
Badania opinii publicznej w Polsce dowodzą, że Polacy mają niechętny stosunek do Ukraińców. Jednakże dane te nie pokazują, jak postawy różnicują się ze względu na płeć imigrantów. Tymczasem dane dotyczące małżeństw mieszanych wskazują, że polscy mężczyźni coraz częściej wchodzą w związki małżeńskie z Ukrainkami. Można zatem przypuszczać, że płeć imigrantów jest istotną zmienną wpływającą na stosunek do cudzoziemców. Biorąc pod uwagę istotny wpływ mediów na kształtowanie postaw w stosunku do imigrantów i reprodukowania etnostereotypów warto przejrzeć się bliżej, jaki obraz imigrantek z Ukrainy jest tworzony i podtrzymywany w dyskursie publicznym. Można przypuszczać, że obraz kobiet z Ukrainy jest męskim punktem widzenia, sprowadzających kobiety ukraińskie do obiektów seksualnych i opiekunek. Ważne są także inne zmienne (np. wiek, wykształcenie kobiet), które tworzą intersekcjonalny obraz. Przedmiotem badań będą językowe sposoby reprezentowania imigrantek ukraińskich w wybranych tytułach prasowych w latach 2007–2018. Wybrane przedziały czasowe pozwolą przyjrzeć się, na ile dany obraz jest stabilny. W badaniach posłużę się dwiema metodami: analizą treści oraz Krytyczną Analizą Dyskursu. W końcowej części artykułu dokonam porównania reprezentacji migrantek polskich (na podstawie badań już opublikowanych) oraz migrantek z Ukrainy w polskiej prasie.
EN
Public opinion polls in Poland prove that Poles have a reluctant attitude towards Ukrainians. However, these data do not show how these attitudes differentiate according to the respondent’s gender. Official data on mixed marriages indicate that Polish men more often get married to Ukrainians than to other foreigners. It can therefore be assumed that the sex of immigrants is a significant variable affecting the attitude towards foreigners. Considering the significant influence of the media on shaping attitudes towards immigrants and reproducing ethno-stereotypes, we should look more closely at the representation of women immigrants from Ukraine created and maintained in the public discourse. It can be assumed that the image of women represents the male point of view, treating female migrants as sexual objects and caregivers. Other variables are also important (eg. age, level of education) which form an intersectional image. The research is focused on the way in which female Ukrainian immigrants are linguistically represented in selected periodicals in 2007 and 2018. The time intervals will allow us to examine the stability of the discourse. Two methods of analyses are applied: content analysis and Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). In the final part of the article, I will compare the representation of Polish migrants (based on studies already published) and migrants from Ukraine in the Polish press.
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