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1

Novalis and Fichte

100%
Tokarzewska M.
Przegląd Filozoficzno-Literacki
|
2007
|
issue 1(16)
215-229
EN
Novalis was an attentive reader of Fichte, adopted some of the ideas of his philosophy, elaborating on them and searching for his own original solutions. Hardenberg breaks with the Enlightenment vision of the subject, which can be found in the writings of Fichte. He emphasizes the fundamental importance of an individual and contemplates his/her significance for the linguistic communication.
2

LAW AND STATE IN GERMAN IDEALISTIC PHILOSOPHY (KANT, FICHTE, HEGEL)

80%
Kwiecien R.
Studia Prawnicze
|
2005
|
issue 1(163)
5-49
EN
The study presents the philosophy of law and state of the most eminent thinkers of German idealism: Kant, Fichte, Hegel. The analysis focuses on the following issues: the idea of law, the idea of state and the grounds of international legal order. The main aim is to show the importance of German idealistic philosophy to present-day legal thinking, especially to philosophy of international law. In the author's estimation, German idealistic philosophy can be availed itself as an explanation of the divided ongoing debate into positivism and naturalism, political competition and common values, pluralism of the society of states and hegemony of great powers. The following conclusions can be drawn from the critical analysis of German idealistic thought: 1) legal orders of states are of great weight for international legal order considering their strong mutual relations; 2) overestimation of the will of state denies sovereignty of other states; 3) legal consciousness (opinio iuris) of common values important for all states and their nations establishes the basis of a just international legal order, that is to say an order which can protect both states and individuals. Taking into account the above statements, current international practice, on the one hand, speaks in favour of Kant's thought and on the other against Fichte's and Hegel's ones. For Kant's recognition of peace as the most important value within interpersonal and international relations leads him to the conception of 'civitas gentium', that is the legal shape of the society of states. Fichte and Hegel, however, treat state as the biggest value. Consequently, interstate relations create a source of wars just as Hobbes's state of nature. That is why their theories cannot account for objective importance of international law. No wonder that Fichte's and Hegel's theories reject Kant's idea of perpetual peace and present international law as an external state law depending on its arbitrary will.
3

Základ všeho vědosloví J. G. Fichta: Založení vědy jako sebezaložení člověka

80%
Zika R.
Teorie vědy (Theory of Science)
|
2010
|
vol. 32
|
issue 1
97-107
EN
The effort of Fichte's Foundations of the Entire Science of Knowledge is to ground the whole of the science in so called principles. This aim is a specific expression of the project of self-assurance of human being characterizing the important movement of modern metaphysics. The movement towards self-assurance even culminates here: it gets a form of showing human being as an entity founding (or producing) itself and in totality with itself the whole of (experienced) actuality. The foundation of science is therefore in this Fichte's work completely subordinated to the project of explicit self-constitution of human being based in practical-theoretical mastering of consciousness of its own ontological-ontical priority.
4

Authonomy of a Person and Sovereignty of a Community. Fichte, Heidegger and the Assumptions Underlying the Fascist World View

80%
Marszalek R.
Przegląd Filozoficzno-Literacki
|
2007
|
issue 2(17)
207-217
EN
First of all, the assumptions underlying the world view that belongs to the fascist thought were reconstructed, mainly with respect to some programmatic pronouncements by Benito Mussolini. Then, the Fichtean notions of the self, of knowledge, person, state, and education were compared with Heidegger's concepts of existence, understanding, and apprehension, also with the idea of 'Dasein'. This comparison served to work out - against a philosophical as well as historical background - a radical or even extreme conception of autonomy. Fascism was taken at the same time as a way to set up a durable order of legal, political, and economic power. At the end, there was proposed an answer to the question of the extent to which a philosophically grounded notion of autonomy - as it can be seen in Fichte and Heidegger - shows some features characteristic of the fascist attitude.
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