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EN
This paper is an overview of the life and work of an outstanding figure of twentieth-century Hungarian and Finno-Ugric linguistics, Miklós Zsirai (1892-1955). He had a peculiar, almost romantic course of life, and worked as Head of the Department of Finno-Ugristics at Budapest University from 1929 to his death. With his attractive personality and captivating teacher's activity, he won numerous young students over to the cause of Finno-Ugric studies. With his exceptionally ethical character, he set an example to all. He focussed his scholarly attention on the Ob-Ugrian languages. His most important book 'Our Finno-Ugric Relatives' is a veritable encyclopedia of Finno-Ugric peoples and languages, a masterpiece of the propagation of knowledge. He edited two volumes of Khanty (Ostyak) heroic songs that had been collected by Antal Reguly. He also made his mark in the areas of etymology, comparative morphology, and the historiography of linguistics. He played a leading role in Hungarian linguistics in the period of 1930 to 1955.
EN
Leibniz, one of the most prominent scholars of his time, was interested not only in natural sciences, mathematics, philosophy, etc. but in linguistics as well. As is known, he was presumably the first to declare the close linguistic connection between the Finnic languages and Hungarian. In accordance with his precursors and contemporaries, he was deeply immersed in the 'primeval' Scythian and Celtic (or Scytho-Celtic/Celto-Scythic) languages; he considered them as chronologically distant ancestors of the German(ic) language(s). Lots of words were thought by him to have come from Celtic languages (e.g. Kelt > Germ. Held). Leibniz was a determined proponent of the Finnlanders and Lapponians being the original settlers populating the Scandinavian Peninsula. Interestingly enough, there are present-day Finnish linguists claiming that the Finnish people have not come from Asia; that they represent the original population living in the same region from times immemorial. As to the Hungarians, Leibniz was convinced that their original homeland might have been near the vast Volga - Caspian Sea region. Leibniz's Scythian theories have left deep resonances on Hungarian language comparisons. Even today we find paracomparative writings focusing on the almost mythical Scytian origins of the Hungarian language in spite of the fact that the Finno-Ugrian origins of Hungarian have long been proved.
EN
The aim of this article is to consider the correct classification of the set of languages called the Ugric languages. The Ugric taxon includes Hungarian and two Ob-Ugric languages: Hanty and Mansi. However, Hungarian is so different from the Ob-Ugric languages that Hanty and Mansi should be put into a separate Ob-Ugric branch. Actually, that is only half of the step towards the correct classification of the Ugric languages. We have to insist that Hungarian is put into a separate subgroup called the Hungarian subgroup of the Ugric group, or perhaps organize a separate group inside the Finno-Ugric family.
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