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LUDWICK FLECK - AN OUTSIDER, A FORERUNNER, A CLASSIC? (Ludwik Fleck - outsider, prekursor, klasyk?)

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Bytniewski P.

Rocznik Lubuski

2008

vol. 34

issue 2

161-183

The sociology of knowledge is a field of study with a rather blurry disciplinary standing. Its epistemological status (science or meta-science?), disciplinary affiliation (philosophy or sociology?), and even its history (who was the first, more important, etc: Mannheim, Znaniecki, Scheler?) remain vague. This article argues that both the structure and history of the sociology of knowledge produce presentism as an epistemological obstacle. A good example of this phenomenon is Ludwik Fleck's position as both a classic and a forerunner of the sociology of knowledge. As a subdiscipline of sociology, with disciplinary ambitions, the sociology of knowledge explores facts concerning social contexts of the production and proliferation of knowledge. Nevertheless, as a meta-science or philosophy, or even a counter-science, the sociology of knowledge asserts itself a privilege to judge every scientific enterprise in respect of its socio-epistemological dimension. This double determination entangles a self-reflection of the sociology of knowledge: it creates the conditions of possibility as a discipline, and simultaneously reduces its own critical power.

IN THE SITE OF A THEORY AND HISTORY OF CULTURE. A GLANCE ON LUDWIK FLECK'S THEORY OF THOUGHT STYLES (W strone teorii i historii kultury. Spojrzenie na teorie stylów myslowych Ludwika Flecka)

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Rydlewski M.

Etnografia Polska

2009

vol. 53

issue 1-2

113-132

Humanistic reflection on culture is very important in Polish science. It is one of the most interesting themes of Polish philosophy, represented by Stanislaw Brzozowski, Bronislaw Malinowski, Florian Znaniecki, Leszek Kolakowski, Zygmunt Bauman, Jerzy Kmita. One of the greatest, still unknown, is Ludwik Fleck, who was a medical doctor (outstanding mickrobiologist) and an author of a book Genesis and Development a Scientifict Fact published in 1935, where he discusses sociological perception of science. Fleck is becoming popular among Polish representatives of humanities, especially sociologists and philosophers. His theory and point of view on developing of knowledge, organizes the discussion between realism (philosophy of science) and anti-realism (non-classical sociology of knowledge, sociology of scientific knowledge, science and technology studies). Fleck's theory of 'thought collectives' and 'thought styles' is completely unknown to Polish ethnologists. In author's opinion, Fleck's theory should be treated as a theory of culture in the anthropological sense, which can be useful to describe how culture works. He underlines that Fleck's theory can be useful in studies on cultural change, theory of vision and common sense. From methodological point of view Fleck's theory is more interesting (more empirical) than Thomas Kuhn's, and is putting culture closer to the development of science. In author's opinion Fleck's theory is a mature theory of non-classical sociology of knowledge. However, it appeared almost forty years before this sociological project. Even today Fleck's words are still worth mentioning. We can easily find ideas of H. Putnam, W. V. O. Quine, S. Fish in Fleck's papers. In author's opinion Fleck is a philosopher who is crossing the borders of anthropology, sociology of knowledge and onthological thesis of an American pragmatism. The author considers Fleck's theory to be an useful instrument which helps us to understand society. In his opinion, this theory should be widely discussed and used as a tool in Polish ethnology.

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1 Etnografia Polska

1 Rocznik Lubuski

1 Bytniewski P.

1 Rydlewski M.

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1 2008

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LUDWICK FLECK - AN OUTSIDER, A FORERUNNER, A CLASSIC? (Ludwik Fleck - outsider, prekursor, klasyk?)

IN THE SITE OF A THEORY AND HISTORY OF CULTURE. A GLANCE ON LUDWIK FLECK'S THEORY OF THOUGHT STYLES (W strone teorii i historii kultury. Spojrzenie na teorie stylów myslowych Ludwika Flecka)