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EGOCENTRIKÁ – VÝRAZY SO SÉMANTICKO-PRAGMATICKOU ORIENTÁCIOU NA HOVORIACEHO

100%
Sokolová J.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
|
2019
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vol. 84
|
issue 1
10 – 25
EN
Egocentricals are lexemes, grammatical categories (particularly the grammatical renditions of aspect, verbal gender, tense and mood) and syntactic structures, the semantics of which anticipates the implied speaker as a participant in the situation being described. The aim of this study is to define the lexical egocentricals in Slovak and outline the semantic-pragmatic roles of the speaker roles in the narrative statements. We distinguish between the semantic (receptor) and communicative (speaker) role, i.e. perspective and focalization, as an essential starting point for understanding egocentricals. We also distinguish between the canonical and non-canonical communication situation, i.e. primary and secondary egocentricals. We present a set of nine semantic-pragmatic roles, in which the egocentricals act from the pragmatic perspective as modifiers of statements and contribute to the implementation of the communication intentions of the speaker.
2

'Blow Up' - The Problem of Focalization

100%
Michera W.
Kwartalnik Filmowy
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2008
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issue 64
46-56
EN
In the first section of the article, the author presents the concept of focalization; a narrative category formulated in the 1970s in the work of Gerard Gennette, but particularly in the work of Mieke Bal (who points that focalization and narration are distinct activities). In this section he also considers related concept of plot (and plotting) developed by Peter Brooks. In the second part the author analyzes the famous scene from Antoninioni's 'Blow Up' - the sequence of photographic reconstruction of events - and sees it as a metaphor of 'film image'. He shows the role the external and internal focalization plays in this narrative discourse. In the case of external focalization, he sees it not so much as a tool of a particular ideology, but (similarly to Lacanian Gaze) a centre of fundamental nonconclusivity.
3

NEGATÍVNA AXIOLOGICKÁ DISPONIBILITA JAZYKOVÝCH PROSTRIEDKOV: PREDPOKLADY A KONZEKVENCIE

88%
Sokolová J.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
|
2020
|
vol. 85
|
issue 3
265 – 281
EN
The central theme of this study is the axiological non-availability of language means in Slovak. It is defined as an inherent semantic-axiological perspective of the language means that determines the syntactic structures of their use and influences the meaning and adequacy of communication interactions. Since the non-available language means involve pragmatically sensitive expressions, will we be interested in exploring the licensed contexts in which they are used by the speakers. As a basic explanatory construct in ego-linguistics, the speaker operates as a person and also in terms of his/her communication roles in linguistic semantics. The study focuses on (a) the issue of attitude and focalization, which is associated with the speaker, and (b) identity and circumstances of distribution of the expressions with a strong and weak non-availability. Our reasoning will be based on the use of the inference scheme known as “abduction”, and/or “abductive explanation”. The data used in our research were taken from the Slovak National Corpus.
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