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Studia Historica Nitriensia
|
2016
|
vol. 20
|
issue 1
226 – 242
EN
Following article discusses historical development of folk dance in particular villages in Eastern Horehronie region (Šumiac, Telgárt, Vernár) in the context of historical and social changes of the 19th and the 20th century. At the turn of the centuries, in the interwar period and in the period after World War II, may be observed the most extensive changes affecting the folk dance. The forms and the status of folk dance are described during the period and information is given about the changes, the shaping factors and the development of folk dance from these periods to the present.
EN
The current article is based on the research carried out among expatriate Estonians living in Germany. The aim of the research was to obtain an general understanding of the evolution and development of Estonian folk dance groups and the inception of these groups in the Federal Republic of Germany after the Second World War. The first target group was the Estonian expatriates in Germany, since German war refugee camps were the first stop for many refugees on their journey. Interviews were conducted with 13 expatriate Estonians in Bocholt, Bonn and Hamburg in 2007. The article describes the motives for practicing folk dancing as a hobby, the everyday activities of folk dance groups - repertoire, practicing, music, folk costumes and performances, what has become of the folk dance groups since their establishment and the role of folk dance in the life of expatriate Estonians. Aside from the previous aspects, the functions which describe the role of folk dance - preservation of continuity; organisation of community; social interaction and welfare; preservation of Estonian language; self-determination - also stood out in the analysis of the interviews. Cultural pursuits formed a positive link between the past and the present, taking on a balancing role in the tragic understanding that seeking temporary asylum had become a constant state in exile and this prevented people from being trapped in the disconsolate condition of a refugee. Folk dance was not purely a hobby but a place where the Estonian language was spoken and learned; it helped people to stick together in difficult times, define themselves in the wind of changes and introduce Estonia in a foreign country by means of dance and folk costumes.
EN
The study is focused on the presentation of results from the first stage of a field research aimed at the expansit of the men's dance 'Moravian-Slovakian verbunk' in the village of Moravske Kninice in the Brno Region. It pays attention to the cultural and social development in the mentioned area from the mid-19th century until the presence. This development provided the conditions to take over some cultural features (folk costumes, folk songs and dances, dialect) that originally occurred solely in the territory of the ethnographic area of Moravian Slovakia (Slovacko). The verbunk dance can be seen for almost twenty years in the village of Moravske Kninice, whereby its form has been undergoing changes whose course and value the author records. She describes also the changes in Feast tradition, dance sequence, and musical accompaniment at Feast dance parties from the early 20th century until now. The contribution mentions the role of the National Institute of Folk Culture in Straznice as a guarantor of research, documentary, educational, popularizing, and promoting activities related to Moravian-Slovakian verbunk as a cultural phenomenon. The mentioned research results are a starting point for the next suggested field research works and audio-visual documentation of the occurrence and expansion of Moravian-Slovakian verbunk in the Brno Region, which will be implemented in the coming years.
EN
The study has developed in connection with this year’s field research project of the National Institute of Folk Culture, which focused on the extension of Slovak verbuňk outside the original region of its occurrence. The study describes different localities, in which verbuňk occurs, putting stress on the area south of Brno. The attention is paid to the village of Žatčany and to the description of verbuňk occurrence in this locality within the context of its cultural and social development. The study explains the importance of folklore movement for the safeguarding, renewal and development of folk culture. Verbuňk is observed as a cultural phenomenon with respect to the contemporary dance culture, dance opportunities, changes in dance order and reconstruction of folk costumes from the mid-20th century until today.
EN
Nowadays, folk movement is still an important part of cultural and social life in Slovakia. The mission of Ethnological sciences, especially Folkloristics, should therefore be i. a. the documentation and analysis of processes in folklorism, in which folk movement is very important and closely related component. Nevertheless, the Folkloristics stopped deal with this issue by the end of the 20th century. The aim of this paper is to highlight the important position of prof. Štefan Nosáľ in the second half of the 20th century in the process of creating the artistic direction of significant folk dance choreographers active mainly in amateur folk movement in Slovakia. This paper also highlights the aesthetic criterions of the most representative folk dance choreographers in the placing folklore material on the stage, their inspiration for the choreographic production, but especially the perception of stage folk dance by leading authorities in the folk movement in Slovakia in the defined period.
EN
The study describes concrete social and political activities that influenced the conditions for existence and the processes of passing down the musical and dance folklore, namely the dance called sedlacka (farmer's dance) from the Moravian region of Hornacko. The historical probe carried out within the chosen regional and time limits, focuses on the documentation of social and political circumstances under which the expressions of traditional folk culture were applied. During the monitored period of time, the issues concerning the process of the Czech national movement and political emancipation as well as the issues related to the creation and confirmation of the feeling of Czech and Slovak mutuality come to the fore. Attention is paid to different political meetings, manifestations, festivals; the mass gymnastics displays whose main aim was to demonstrate the support and strength of the national movement could not be omitted. It was essential, however, to specify the role a concrete musical and dance expression closely connected with the local tradition played and to find out how its performance at social and political events was reflected in its following viability.
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