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EN
The author attempts to charakterise changeable categories of folklore and folklorism in dependence of time. The folkloristic research in the complex societes complicated syncretic chraracter of the folklore material. Today is demanding to distinguish the peasant archaic folklore (of the turn of the 19th-20th century) from the historical influences of the waves of folklorism. The mass character, schematism, manipulation are considered as main negative aspects of the stage folklorism. The folkloristic research logicaly involved examination of the second existence of folklore and interference phenomena of a folklorisation.
EN
The article is dealing with the phenomenon of folklorism and reviews selected contributions to its theory during last decades. The author presents concepts of folklorism, fakelore, public folklore, folklove through attitudes of some respected folklorists. Last part of article is devoted to enumerating of actual problems concerning folklorism in folkloristics in Slovakia.
EN
This article is concerned with compositional arrangements of the traditional repertoire of wedding songs for choral singers. The authors of the arrangements were composers active in Slovakia during the 20th century. Their compositions are analysed in terms of selection of the song model for treatment, while also looking at the significance and status of individual songs in the context of the wedding ceremony. The musical analysis is directed at compositional work (differentiated according to the degree of recomposition) with folk material. A further object of analysis is the dramaturgic construction of compositions, and work with the semantics of the wedding song repertoire, from the viewpoint of the composer.
EN
The paper deals with reflection on changes which have been recognized in the forms and functions of ritual folklore. The term folklorism is clarified and specified as well. Its main characteristics refer to the demonstration for “the others” or demonstration by “the others”.
EN
This article deals with folklorism connected with material parts of Cultural heritage. It points to the fact, that originally rural production and art traditions transferred to a different socio – cultural background were adjusted to a changed context area. Out of different expressions of folklorism, our article focuses on its organised forms, institutions – associations, societies, esp. ÚĽUV - The Centre for Folk Art Production. Traditional folk culture is a key issue of the professional practise of these institutions. It concentrates on development changes of ÚĽUV folklorism from its early stages to the new forms heading to modern design.
EN
Carnival stands not only for the festive time set by the religious calendar, but also for all games and shows which are part of the urban pop culture. Theoretical reflection on carnivalisation, i.e. a specific model of participation in culture, was initiated by Mikhail Bakhtin. The process of progressive carnivalisation of the urban space is associated with the development of spectator folklorism on the one hand and desementisation of the folk rituals on the other, i.e. with the expansion of festive events, which create common festive activity. The author brings up examples of carnivalisation of the public space in Polish towns from the middle ages until the contemporary times when the said process was joined by local government institutions, cultural institutions and foundations, whose intention is to expose the emotional bonds with the promoted values among the participants of a common, open, street “immediate theatre”.
EN
The paper deals with the term 'folklore' from the point of view of people who grew up in the milieu strongly connected with a scenic folklore. It presents the development of author's personal opinion on folklore and folklorism as well as his view of the contemporary world music based on the elements of folk music.
EN
The distinction between folklore and so-called folklorism is merely a result of the ethnological evaluation of the process that folk culture has gone through during last decades. It is neither simple nor fruitful to explore the boundaries between 'authentic' and 'imitative' forms of traditional folklore. Emphasizing the relationship between folklore and environment or stressing the original functions of the folklore limit traditional phenomena and maintain their past forms. On the contrary, the traditional phenomena gain different but natural social utilization by means of intermediation and presentation of traditional culture in the field of folklorism.
EN
Nowadays, ethnology can hardly assert that folklore traditions are only a phenomenon that lives independently in villages as a part of the everyday life of the local inhabitants. The role of folklore, even of that documented largely in different collections, has essentially changed alongside the transformation of the society, the rapprochement between village and town ways of life and the beginning expressions of mass culture. Some expressions have remained a continual part of everyday culture as a residue, some have been transmitted into new environments and contexts, some have been reconstructed, and others significantly stylized or deduced. They were and are a source of inspirations and modern expressions that in many respects take over the functions similar to the original ones. How should we understand folklore traditions in the 21st century and analyse them? The study based on field research dealing with two distinctive expressions (the male solo dance “verbuňk” and male folklore choirs in the Slovácko region) tries to answer this question. The contemporary Czech ethnology classifies both expressions as so-called ethno-cultural traditions. The chosen field probes capture the present situation in one of the folkloristically most distinct ethnographic areas in the Czech Republic, documenting the wealth and diversity of the folklore tradition that just pretend to be continual in many cases – at least it looks like this on the surface.
EN
The utilization of folklore elements in composed music was explored by Slovak musicologists and composers during the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries. Their views were published in monographs, historical syntheses, studies, and essays in periodicals and journals. Perspectives on the selection of folklore models and on the way of their utilization in musical compositions kept changing according to the various historical periods and the contemporaneous social and cultural situation. This study presents an overview of the perspectives of Slovak musicologists and composers on this issue within three concepts of working with folklore models: an aesthetic, a historical, and a theoretical-analytical one.
EN
The author has taken interest in new aspects of folklore and folklorism in the contemporary culture as well as in the current discussion on folk culture, tradition and cultural heritage in Poland. She based her reflections on the 2003 UNESCO Convention (ratified by Poland only in 2011): terms ‘folklore’ and ‘folklorism’ are replaced with a new term ‘intangible cultural heritage’ which also includes material culture. However, there is a dichotomy between the cultural policy at the state level (including common knowledge of organisers of cultural activities and culture creators) and academic theory.
EN
The paper deals with the development of the folklore festival Hontianska paráda. The festival has been held in the village of Hrušov since 1996. Several important personalities of folklorism took part in its formation. Since the first year of the festival, however, it has been possible to trace the considerable involvement of local actors, not only in terms of the organisation but also in terms of the programming of the event. The folklore festival has built on the preserved cultural heritage in the village and, together with the previous professional attention of ethnologists, folklorists, and others, has contributed to the awareness of the value of the preserved cultural heritage among the people of Hrušov themselves. The article presents the development of the festival's dramaturgy, and its actors, outlines the festival's connection with the village and the region, and maps the festival's role in the development of cultural tourism. The article presents the subjective view of the author, who had the opportunity to participate in the preparation and implementation of the festival from the time of her university studies to the present day. Since her university studies, she has also been closely connected with the village of Hrušov and several of its families through a friendship relationship.73 – 81
EN
The article explores a few aspects of generation collective memory in millennium generation that is named Generation Y (Gen Y). This topic is based on drivers included in Strategic Research Agenda of Joint Program Initiative: Cultural Heritage and Global Change. Drivers lead attentions of researchers to generation transmission and collective memory and necessity realise empirical verifications. The author applied expertise of Real-Time Delphy Study on the Future of Cultural Heritage Research to description changes in generation perception of folklorism. Globalisation impact is studied on different preference transmission of content collective memory. Significant global generational changes are registered in technical and interpersonal contact communication, preference of memos vehicles and culture heritage functions.
EN
The purpose of this study lies in elucidation of the basic and specific factors that influenced the development of the folklore movement in years 2000 – 2015. There are several factors directly influencing the existence itself, as well as the creation and state of this movement. The following text deals with folklore collectives, folklore festivals, competitions, shows, institutions and important personalities, as all these aspects are considered crucial for the given area of study. The period of the last fifteen years brings a new attitude in several contexts. In the past, the life of the authentic folklore existed within small social groups which were its direct creators. In present days, however, the traditional manifestations of folklore of the past became the manifestations of the mass culture. Furthermore, opposite to the variability of the folklore they show signs of uniformity. The elementary difference in comparing the past with the present can be found in natural spontaneity of the folklore in the past and institutional directing and organization of the folklorism nowadays. Somewhere among these features it could be possible to find the fundamental role and significance of the folklore movement in Slovakia.
EN
In the last twenty years many significant changes have taken place in the field of folklore movement reflecting the implementation of professional knowledge into pedagogical and artistic practice in the context of caring for traditional folk culture and its folklorized manifestations. The paper addresses the current interpreters of folk culture and the related institutions, their functions as well as events. The author also considers the legislation and implementation of state cultural policy in relation to traditional culture. She focuses on the research, documentation, educational, competition, and presentation activities of the National Cultural Centre and selected cultural institutions in the last twenty years. The main aim is to identify the current informational and educational function of the folklore movement and the need to present traditional folk culture in its folklorized expressions based on professional knowledge.
EN
This paper is devoted to the issue of the so-called second existence of folklore, in folkloristics designated by the term folklorism. In the processes of folklorism phenomena of traditional culture make their way into a communication system where a technical type of communication prevails. Folklorism is based on a change of the context or often on a stylisation: on processes of levelling and typicisation in a direction from local to global, with the local taking on a symbolic value. In the author’s view, the phenomena of folklorism are a manifestation of contemporary popular culture, where interest in traditional culture/folklore represents one of the alternatives for self- identification of the individual, as a member of the so-called folklore community in the context of free time activities. She addresses also the concept of authenticity, analysing the articulation of space in three events of folklorism in Slovakia: the Východná Folklore Festival, Rozprávačské Lodno (storytelling) and Posolstvo piesní Slovensku a svetu (singing).
EN
A carnival stands not only for the festive time set by the religious calendar, but also for all games and shows which are part of the urban pop culture. Theoretical reflection on carnivalisation, i. e. a specific model of participation in culture, was initiated by Mikhail Bakhtin. The process of progressive carnivalisation of the urban space is associated with the development of spectator folklorism on the one hand and desementisation of the folk rituals on the other, i. e. with the expansion of festive events, which create common festive activity. The author brings up examples of carnivalisation of the public space in Polish towns from the middle ages until the contemporary times when the said process was joined by local government institutions, cultural institutions and foundations, whose interaction is to expose the emotional bonds with the promoted values among participants of a common, open, street „immediate theatre“.
EN
In article the authoress tries to illustrate three socialist metaphors for various attitudes towards state centre as Deema Kaneff articulated three various socialist constructions of the past - history, folklore and tradition. Presented case study is based on seasonal holidays, which inhabitants of smaller Slovenian town Brezice have celebrated in the first decades after the Second World War. Mostly by comparing St. Roch's feast and Carnival celebrations the authoress compares pre- and post-war organization and performances at the holidays, their scenarios and their meanings for various groups of people. After the World War II the feast of St. Roch became restricted to private domains or to places owned by the churches and performed only by the alternative groups of people. In the early years of socialism Carnival was also considered as a tradition. But since its celebrations were mostly public and massive the tradition had to be transformed into folklore. Traditionality and folklorization of holidays are considered in the article and at the end of the text they are interpreted from the point of folklorism, heritage and legitimacy of tradition.
Slavica Slovaca
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2014
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vol. 49
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issue 2
172 - 178
EN
Literary works of Taras Shevchenko are extremely diverse. His painting and poetry are true reflection of national life. Applying to the method of interdisciplinary relations and S. Krymskiy’s cultural and philosophical concept “Home – Field – The Temple”, this exploration attempts to analyse social poem “Catherine” and “Hireling” to find national iconic archetypes. The author states that these archetypes confirm the presence of intra-deep receptive relationship between Shevchenko’s poems and folk art and inherency such features as folklorism.
Slavica Slovaca
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2018
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vol. 53
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issue 1
38 – 48
EN
The culture of laughter in every nation’s tradition, including Ukrainian, is characterized by its peculiarities. With its folklore roots, the comic of all kinds has been transformed into fiction. Such receptive relations are particularly close between folk oral tradition and the literature in the period of Romanticism. In this article, the authors are the first to analyse the interaction between categories of the comic and the tragic in featured short stories on Cossacks by O. Storozhenko. The research offers an attractive prospect for the further exploration of other O. Storozhenko’s works as well as for comparative studies of works by other authors’ in the indicated period.
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