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FSP and the essence of a text

100%
Rohrauer L.
Linguistica Pragensia
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2019
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vol. 29
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issue 2
213-226
EN
The present paper presents the results of a small-scale research aiming at the exploration of the potential of FSP for a text content description. The research task here was to look at how the carriers of the theme and the rheme capture the essence of a text, or in other words, how much they “tell” what the text is about. The results of the FSP analysis were compared to the text content description achieved by the use keywords. The initial hypothesis that a set of theme and rheme carriers captures the content of a text more precisely than a set of keywords was confirmed.
2
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Word-Order Variability and FSP in Written and Spoken Discourse

100%
Smolka V.
Linguistica Pragensia
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2011
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vol. 21
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issue 1
14-23
EN
The article explores the role of word-order as an indicator of the rheme in samples of written and spoken language respectively. The assumption was that this role of word order would be more prominent in written language, where the choice of a particular linear arrangement may be prompted by the need to achieve the effect of end-focus. In spoken discourse the rheme is signalled by prosodic clues, namely by the placement of the intonation nucleus, irrespective of its position in the sentence, rendering word-order a secondary indicator. As a result, the frequency of deviations from the grammatical word-order, e.g. fronting, is lower in spoken discourse. However, the analysis of word-order in spoken discourse is made difficult by irregularity and structural incompleteness.
3
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The position and FSP role of -ly adverbials in small distributional fields

100%
Smolka V.
Linguistica Pragensia
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2019
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vol. 29
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issue 2
147-159
EN
In the theory of FSP, context-independent adverbials are usually interpreted as constituting either the setting or specification, with the line between the two sometimes difficult to draw. Adverbials in -ly have been shown to be nearly always context-independent, functioning as a specification and generally being more dynamic than the verb. At the same time, the CD of these adverbials is thought to be higher when they are placed after the verb than when they precede it. The present research explores sentence structures such as she smiled coldly, where the adverbial is the only complement of the verb in addition to a non-rhematic subject. Examples of these structures retrieved from the BNC show that the SVA sequence is considerably more frequent than SAV (she coldly smiled), while the proportion of the two variants is more balanced when there are other postverbal complements in addition to the adverbial, as in she coldly analysed his features/she analysed his features coldly. This paper aims to show that among the SVA structures in question, there are instances where the verb is actually more dynamic than the context-independent adverbial, and where linear modification is weakened as an indicator of FSP. These conclusions seem to be supported, among other clues, by translation into Czech.
4
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Communicative perspectives in the Theory of FSP

88%
Chamonikolasová J.
Linguistica Pragensia
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2010
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vol. 20
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issue 2
86-93
EN
The focus of the paper is the conception of dynamic semantic scales within Firbas's theory of functional sentence perspective. In a particular context, each syntactic element performs a certain dynamic semantic function, reflecting the degree of communicative dynamism carried by the element. Each sentence implements one of three scales of dynamic semantic functions: the Presentation, the Quality, or the Combined Scale. The present paper claims that Firbas's category of the Combined Scale in reality includes two subtypes: one with ellipted Quality Bearer and Quality, and another with ellipted Phenomenon and Presentation. The paper indicates that relations within the former subtype of the Combined Scale are identical to relations within the Presentation Scale, the only difference being the presence of Specification; relations within the latter subtype are identical to relations within the Quality Scale, the only difference being the absence of the explicit introduction of the Quality Bearer in the preceding context. The paper therefore suggests a modification of Firbas's tertiary system of dynamic semantic scales into a binary system involving only the Presentation Scale, including the Extended Presentation Scale subtype containing a Specification, and the Quality Scale, including both context dependent and context independent Quality Bearers.
5
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Syntactic and FSP aspects of the existential construction

88%
Dubec P., Rohrauer L.
Linguistica Pragensia
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2011
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vol. 21
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issue 1
24-32
EN
The paper presents the results of two diploma theses dealing with the analyses of the syntactic and FSP aspects of the existential construction. The analyses were carried out on a sample of 400 instances excerpted from two stylistically different types of text - academic prose and fiction. All instances were divided into two main groups: bare existential construction (i.e. without any adverbial), and existential construction with adverbial(s). The analysis of the bare existential construction was mostly focused on the structure and FSP functions of the notional subject, i.e. the modification of the notional subject and FSP patterns the bare existential construction can realize. The analysis of the other construction focused on the adverbials with particular attention to their sentence position and FSP functions. Based on the analyses the primary and secondary functions of the existential construction were defined.
6
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Existential there-construction as a means of presentation in narrative (a corpus-based syntactic-semantic analysis)

88%
Adam M.
Linguistica Pragensia
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2012
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vol. 22
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issue 1
1-18
EN
The present paper looks at the role of the English verb operating in Presentation Scale sentences within fiction narrative from the point of view of both dynamic and static semantics. It is a part of a corpus-based research in the area of the sentences implementing the so-called Presentation Scale (Firbas, 1992; Svoboda, 2006), which is predominantly focused on the occurrence and the syntactic-semantic typology of Presentation sentences within narratives and the semantic as well as syntactic character of the English Presentation verb. It examines the most frequent structure that is capable of presenting a new phenomenon on the scene, viz. the existential construction. For the purpose of analysis, C. S. Lewis' The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe is used. Special attention is paid to the syntactic semantic character of the Pr-verbs that operate in the existential construction there + other verb than be.
7
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On Some Special FSP Aspects within the New Testament Parables (with regard to Luke 15:8 -10)

88%
Adam M.
Linguistica Pragensia
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2010
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vol. 20
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issue 2
94-103
EN
The present paper offers an analysis of The Parable of the Lost Coin (Luke 15: 8–10), which is discussed from the point of view of the Firbasian theory of functional sentence perspective (FSP). It looks at three different aspects of the discourse, especially in regard to the ideology and aesthetics employed within verbal realisation of the texts. Previous research has indicated (Firbas, 1995, Svoboda, 2006, Hurtova, 2009; cf. Adam, 2006) that the writer's communicative purpose is typically related to the aesthetic function carried by the text, and determines the writer's communicative strategies. The way the sentence is perspectived seems to determine the communicative purpose of the speaker as well as the conveyance of ideology. Special attention is paid to the phenomena of informational density, interpretative potentiality and aesthetic function implemented within the auctorial communicative strategy, and also to the functional comparison of the structure and function of the parable on the one hand, and its corresponding mathematical counterpart, the parabola, on the other.
8
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Presentational capacity of English transitive verbs: On some semantic and FSP aspects of SEIZE

88%
Adam M.
Linguistica Pragensia
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2019
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vol. 29
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issue 2
178-191
EN
Even though a number of verbs, owing to their syntactic-semantic characteristics, tend to operate primarily in Presentation or Quality Scales respectively, most verbs generally appear to be capable of acting within both the scales. In authentic communication, the sentence perspective is determined by various criteria: apart from the relative “weightiness” of the postverbal modification, it is especially the context-independence of the subject along with the presentational capacity of the verb that plays a crucial role. This paper sets out to explore the syntactic and semantic qualities of the transitive verb seize. Making use of two large corpora, the proposed case study tries to delimit under what conditions seize tends to operate in one of the two dynamic semantic scales. Model sentences are contrasted in terms of their presentational/qualitative features with special regard to the phenomenon of subject — verb semantic affinity.
9
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Communicative dynamism and prosodic prominence in presentation sentences with initial rhematic subjects

88%
Adam M., Headlandová Kalischová I.
Linguistica Pragensia
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2017
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vol. 27
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issue 1
57-69
EN
Within the framework of the theory of functional sentence perspective (Firbas 1992), the distinction between presentation and quality scale sentences plays a vital role. The present paper proposes to shed light on one of the most common configurations of presentation sentences, viz. structures with initial rhematic subject (e.g. an uninvited dwarf came), examining the way native speakers place the intonation centre in such structures, i.e. to map the correspondence between the degrees of communicative dynamism and prosodic prominence. For the purpose of the investigation selected chapters from Tolkien’s The Hobbit are used.
10
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FSP status of English verbo-nominal structures Be + Prepositional Phrase

75%
Adam M., Headlandová Kalischová I.
Linguistica Pragensia
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2022
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vol. 32
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issue 2
214-234
EN
In the framework of the theory of functional sentence perspective, if a context-dependent subject is further specified, the sentence implements the Quality Scale. Under favourable conditions, however, the occurrence of a context-independent subject in the same kind of structure may lead to a presentational configuration (the Presentation Scale). The present corpus-based paper looks at English sentences featuring verbo-nominal structures with prepositional predications that follow the pattern Be + Prepositional Phrase (such as be at stake, be on the move, be in full swing, be at hand, be in action, be at risk, be in sight) in terms of their presentational potential. Taking into account their syntactic, textual and information structure, the analysis strives to determine whether and under what circumstances the predicates employed in such sentences express existence/appearance on the scene.
11
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Selected style markers of English biblical texts (seen through the prism of FSP)

75%
Adam M.
Linguistica Pragensia
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2013
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vol. 23
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issue 2
58-72
EN
The paper looks at the stylistic dimension of English religious texts analyzed against the background of the Firbasian theory of functional sentence perspective (FSP). Anchored in the functional approach to the study of language, it first defines the basic linguistic concepts, both in the area of English stylistics and the theory of FSP. Having introduced the research corpus (selected biblical texts in the New International Version) the paper explores three key FSP style markers (viz. the frequent occurrence of potentiality, the ratio of different syntactic realizations of presentation sentences, and manifestation of ideology). The phenomena under examination are discussed first at the level of FSP to be subsequently interpreted in terms of functional stylistics. It is possible to conclude that, in addition to pragmatic differences concerning the biblical discourse, the connection of the theory of FSP with the stylistic dimension of the text proved to be enriching and fruitful.
12
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Prezentační versus kvalifikační škála: interpretace hraničních případů v FSP analýze narativního textu

71%
Adam M.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2014
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vol. 96
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issue 2
180-195
XX
In the framework of Firbasian theory of functional sentence perspective (FSP), one of the cornerstones of analysis is represented by the distinction of the sentences that implement the Presentation or Quality Scales respectively. The present paper discusses corpus-based borderline cases in which it is difficult to unequivocally identify their functional perspective. The study makes use of both the English original narrative texts (fiction and biblical) and their Czech translation counterparts; such a contrastive approach is adopted to throw light on the dubious cases. In the discussion, the role of individual communicative units as well as the phenomenon of semantic affinity observed between the context-independent subject and the transitional verb is explored against the background of the four FSP factors, viz. context, linear modification, dynamic (and static) semantics, and intonation. The key question is the capacity of verbs to express existence/ appearance on the scene with explicitness or sufficient implicitness, which is triggered by the S-V semantic affinity and certain syntactic qualities.
13
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Indikace rématu v anglických a českých překladových textech

51%
Žáčková K.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2013
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vol. 95
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issue 2
141-152
EN
The paper presents the findings of a detailed analysis of the position and syntactic functions of the rheme in English and Czech parallel texts representing four different genres. First, separate syntactic structures are compared with a view to ascertaining to what extent the position and the syntactic function of the rheme are retained. Then the means of indicating the rheme (word order, semantics, context, intonation and specific syntactic structures) are analysed. Findings are presented with quantitative data.
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