The involvement of females in armed robbery operations posed a major concern to the public as well as the female folks. This paper therefore attempted an analysis of the demographic profiles of detained female armed robbery offenders in Lagos State, Nigeria. The paper examined the socio-demographic profiles of detained female armed robbery offenders at the Female Custodian Center of Nigerian Correctional Services, Kirikiri, Panti and Ikeja Police Commands, Lagos State, Nigeria. The study adopted the cross-sectional exploratory research design. The sampling was mainly purposive and the instrument for data collection was questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 2.0. The study revealed that female armed robbers are mostly singles within the age brackets of 21-25 years and their educational status was mostly secondary school certificate. It also revealed that the married female armed robbery offenders were married to armed robbers or live-in-lovers to armed robbers. Therefore, the paper concluded that most females in armed robbery were influenced by financial gains. The study therefore recommended that females should be encouraged to focus on educating and empowering themselves rather than getting involved in ‘quick wealth’ criminal activities and depending on handouts from men.
Females are being involved in crimes and admitted into the correctional services all over the world. However, the trend of these admissions may differ according to the situations on ground. This study therefore aimed at examining the trend of females’ admission into the Nigeria Correctional Services within 2005–2016. The study is longitudinal in nature. It adopted the situational theory of crime as its theoretical framework. Hence it made use of secondary sources of data collection such as the National Bureau of Statistics official report, Nigeria Correctional Services Reports, academic journals and current Newspaper reports. Data analysis was based on content analysis. The study revealed that the highest number of females admitted into the correctional services within the period of study was 13,472. It also revealed that within the period of study, a cumulative total of 82,556 females were admitted for various types of offences into the correctional services across the nation. It identified and arranged in order of frequency 11 types of offences that females were mostly admitted for and identified sedition as the least offence females were admitted for. The study therefore, recommended that poverty, unemployment, inflation, corruption of the ruling classes and governmental aids to bandits should be discouraged if crime must be curbed.
Alice Walker’s The Color Purple dramatizes African American women’s plight through the experience of a black girl, Celie, caught in the turmoil of the patriarchal system of her community. Leaning on the epistolary form and also choosing to address the black woman’s oppression first within the black community itself, the author detaches herself from the mainstream African American literary tradition to create a personal style. One of the characteristic traits of the novel is language as a communicative tool in the characters’ interrelation. In the narrative, this tool is mostly used to oppress the female protagonists, demonstrating thus its violent aspect. But sometimes, even though very rarely in the novel, it helps the oppressed subject to claim a voice. Finally, the epistolary form serves to create more emotion in the readers and consequently produces more reaction in them.
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