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1

Bakunin i Feuerbach o naturalizmie

100%

Mclaughlin P., Topolska E., Sagan D.

Internetowy Magazyn Filozoficzny Hybris

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2016

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vol. 34 (3)

EN

In the article, Feuerbach’s naturalism is analyzed and compared with Bakunin’s thought. Unlike Bakunin, Feuerbach suggests a distinction between the natural and the human. He excludes human activity and thought from the natural realm, and implies that while man is the product of nature and is dependent on it, he is somehow distinct from it and merely enclosed by it. Thus, despite Feuerbach’s naturalism, a certain dualism persists — a dualism Bakunin was to reject. Feuerbach’s political ideas are essentially Hegelian, that is, statist, and Bakunin has nothing but contempt for such a position. Feuerbach uncovers the ground of religious authority and establishes, at least provisionally, the relation between religious authority — divine and ecclesiastical — and political authority. Bakunin would maintain, however, that Feuerbach — following Hegel — misunderstands or mystifies political authority in “rationalizing” it, and this mystification of political authority is something Bakunin deplores. This mystification occurs with the claim that the State exists over and above “the strictly political state” as “the actuality of the ethical Idea”, that is, as an ethical community, or as “the actuality of concrete freedom”. The notion that the political and the ethical are in any way related, that the State is anything other than political, or that the State is the domain of concrete freedom, is unacceptable to Bakunin. While Feuerbach’s achievement lies, therefore, in exposing the mystification of religious authority, Bakunin’s lies in exposing the mystification of political authority and, by extension, scientific authority. As such Bakunin’s thought represents the culmination of the Left Hegelian project. Among all the proponents of this project (such as Bruno Bauer, Ruge, and Marx) Bakunin was the only one to hold that just as the conclusion of the critique of theology is anti-theologistic, that is, naturalistic and atheistic, so the conclusion of the critique of politics is anti-political, that is, anarchistic. Bakunin is the sole Left Hegelian to bring the project to its logical conclusion.

2

Tělo jako sarx

88%

Hauser M.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2011

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vol. 59

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issue 1

113-129

EN

The article attempts to revive the conception of the body in Ludwig Feuerbach and the young Marx. The aim is to show that Feuerbach produced a concept of embodiment which is to be distinguished from its conception in psychoanalysis and in political thought (the body as the object of bio-power) which prevail in contemporary post-Marxist theory. The difference between these two conceptions can be expressed thus: the Feuerbachian and young-Marxian understanding corresponds to the concept sarx (the natural body), while its conception in post-Marxist thought corresponds to the concept sóma (the body symbolised). Post-Marxist authors generally assume the correctness of Althusser’s rejection of this conception. It is for this reason that I examine Althusser’s critique of Feuerbach’s philosophy in its relation to the question of embodiment and I attempt to show that Althusser’s theory cannot comprehend Feuerbach’s most important discovery. In the final part I deal with Feuerbach as the first thinker of non-identity (Adorno’s term) and I look at his reflections on death as the hidden background of his living and real body. The conclusion is that Feuerbach introduces a conception of embodiment which cannot be completely incorporated into cultural and bio-political practices.

3

Left Hegelian Variations: on the Matter of Revolution in Marx. Bloch and Althusser

65%

Goldman L.

Praktyka Teoretyczna

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2020

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vol. 35

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issue 1

51-74

PL

Chociaż Ernsta Blocha uważa się często za filozofa abstrakcyjnej i estetycznie pojmowanej nadziei, jego koncepcja konkretnej utopii opiera się na oryginalnej,żywiołowej i materialistycznej ontologii. Wbrew licznym krytykom, artykuł ten wyjaśnia i broni materializm Blocha jako ostatecznie zgodny z projektem Marksowskim. W pierwszej części artykułu materializm Marksa zostaje osadzony w kontekście Lewicy Heglowskiej, a w szczególności Feuerbachowskiego konkretnego ujęcia ludzkiej sprawczości i społecznej emancypacji w naturalistycznych ramach. Dwie kolejne części przedstawiają „Lewicowo-Arystotelejską” koncepcję materii oraz „materializm spotkania” Louisa Althussera jako radykalne, choć taktycznie odmienne wariacje na ten temat.

EN

Although Ernst Bloch is often understood as an abstract, aesthetic philosopher of hope, his doctrine of concrete utopia is underpinned by an idiosyncratic, vital materialist ontology. Against many of Bloch’s critics, this article explains and defends his materialism as compatible with Marx’s project. It first situates the early Marx’s materialism in the generally Left Hegelian and more specifically Feuerbachian context of articulating a concrete account of human agency and social emancipation within a naturalistic framework. Two subsequent sections offer Bloch’s “Left Aristotelian” approach to matter and the later Louis Althusser’s “aleatory” materialism, respectively, as radical and tactically different variations on this theme.

4

Fryderyk Engels, Karol Marks - religia jako opium ludu

51%

Kochan J.

Nowa Krytyka

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2014

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issue 32

41-60

EN

The main aim of the paper is connected with attempt of re construction of Engels and Marx’s theory of religion, among others the meaning of the formula “religion is the opium of the people”. The second part of the article is devoted to the confrontation classical Marxism also the creators of their theoretical adaptation in conditions of real socialism by the Polish Marxist Jarosław Ładosz and the phenomenon of liberation theology.

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1 Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

1 Internetowy Magazyn Filozoficzny Hybris

1 Nowa Krytyka

1 Praktyka Teoretyczna

1 Goldman L.

1 Hauser M.

1 Kochan J.

1 Mclaughlin P.

1 Sagan D.

1 Topolska E.

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Bakunin i Feuerbach o naturalizmie

Tělo jako sarx

Left Hegelian Variations: on the Matter of Revolution in Marx. Bloch and Althusser

Fryderyk Engels, Karol Marks - religia jako opium ludu