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EN
The paper makes an attempt to show the changes in the process of formation of national identity. This people emigrated between 1968–1989 to the countries of Western Europe and North America and returned during the nineties of the 20th century. The research focuses on the process of forming identity of these individuals, their causal conditions, intervening conditions and what is the main element forming their identity in relation to the nation. From the depth analysis of the interviews showed that the central phenomenon in the sense of national identity is a measure of an individual’s adaptation to the environment or degree of acculturation and consequently the rate of reintegration. This phenomenon, however, entering intervening conditions, such as coping strategies, success at work or family and friendly ties. The main line in this context represents the direction of emigration and re-emigration of an individual with all the causal and intervening conditions. An important element of context lines is, however, the very fact of the departure of the individual, including his preparations for departure from the country. That’s basically determines to a large extent, the actual process of acculturation in individuals with emigration impact on the sense of national identity.
EN
This article deals with fieldwork in challenging research contexts that make preparation for field research particularly difficult. Challenging contexts include generally insecure places, politicized contexts, and unknown settings. Drawing on our experience in the field, we discuss four challenges that are common across these contexts: access, positionality, researcher well-being, and research design and data collection. Bringing together insights from fieldwork with urban elites and in the countryside, this paper describes problems that occurred in both settings and identifies a set of interpersonal skills that helped the authors to tackle the challenges of the field and seize the opportunities it offered. This article posits that recognizing the importance of certain interpersonal skills, namely: openness, empathy, humility, and flexibility, precedes the identification of practical tools. Interpersonal skills, instead, focus on a general attitude that underlies researchers’ capacity to make informed choices about specific courses of actions, preparing fieldworkers to be prepared to confront problems once they arise.
EN
The aim of the presented study is to make the familiar public with the characteristics of the cheese fabrication in the French region of Franche-Comté. In the first part, the text presents the information about the region, then it describes the cultural-historical context of the local cheese fabrication and finally the study shows results of field research. The research has confirmed that the local organization of the cheese fabrication as well as the cheese itself are very important for the inhabitants of Franche-Comté.
EN
I present multi-sensory memories from my field research that keep imbuing encounters with people and other beings with specific meaning. Such memories combine dialogues with pictures, sounds, smells and tastes, and can be conceived of as inspiration underly- ing ethnographic and anthropological research. In this context, I reflect on the method of teaching skills of ethnographic field research within “Ethnographic Laboratories”, a module introduced as part of the teaching curriculum at the Institute of Ethnology and Cultural Anthropology, University of Warsaw.
EN
Wakhi people are members of the Iranian ethno-linguistic group living in mountainous areas of the Pamir-Hindukush-Karakoram knot, in the heart of the geo-cultural region known as Central Asia. Their wedding ceremony, being an example of their distinctive culture, results from long-term preparations, which have roots far in history. As time has passed, of course, some more or less important details were omitted, left out or forgotten. On the other hand, new issues emerge within the ceremony and meet with sympathies or antipathies of society members. Informants who have interpreted gradual progression of the engagement ceremony, preparations for the wedding ceremony and their culmination were themselves aware that its traditional form and content is — even in its incomplete form — rarely practiced. Some of them are interested in preservation and largest possible revitalization of the original ceremony state, others would rather head towards the “Western” model.
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The Virtue of Patience

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EN
Shaffir (1998:63) writes, “We must learn to reclaim the virtue of patience. When we en­hance the pace of doing research, it is often at the expense of acquiring a deep appreciation of the research problem.” This paper engages Shaffir’s claim by examining the importance of undertaking a patient sociology. What is the virtue to be found in prolonged and sustained work? How does this speak to the relationships found in field research and in the identities that inform our work as researchers and theorists? In contrast to recent trends towards various versions of instant or short-term ethnography (e.g., Pink and Morgan 2013) this paper argues for the merits of “slow” ethnog­raphy by examining the advantages of relational patience, perspectival patience, and the patience required to fully appreciate omissions, rarities, and secrets of the group.
EN
This essay is the benefit to studying of the questions of the oral history of forcibly ejected inhabitants of Neveklov and its neighbourhoods during the 2nd World War, focused on events of the massacre in the village Křešice (Event Graun) at the end of the 2nd World War. About this region, there exists authentic testimony and this territory is fixed in the collective memory. The oral history is a highly valued literary source. Its value is in the authenticity, which is characterized by selectivity and represents another point of view. The essay brings the unique opportunity to get acquainted with witnesses of the wartime. At present this testimony is unknown or is being forgotten in the offical documents. The essay follows the researches of Jaromír Jech from the middle of the last century. So we get the view of the importance of the massacre in Křešice and forcible displacement of Czech inhabitants in a demarcated region. Result of this work is the analysis of the results obtained with the help of the modern approaches that are based on the method of the oral history, which is a part of the qualitative research, with an emphasis on general objectives and context. It also simultaneously maps over the current state, i.e. the reflection of the forcible war persecution on the present times and its viability in the future, functionality of the generation transfers and traumas.
EN
The term collective in Central European science tradition was impacted by distinctive indoctrinate but in terminology stable term meaning as f.e. collective memory. In the field research is evidence collective memory contents by interdisciplinary research theme. The article communicates an field returnable stationary research results (2008–2012) by author and students of the Faculty of Humanities, Charles University in Prague. This results are systematized by ATLAS.ti and hermeneutically analysed. Findings besides collective memory contents evidence direct to uncover relations which put link for sujet invariants and mental representations. Author exemplified contexts in which come about memory contents stabilisation in reserch locality as well frequent situations where group interpretation of socio-culture normatives arised. For finding and data verification was appliqued visual ethnography method.
EN
To acquire how to do an ethnographic field research of the living society and culture is a part of the university ethnology studies. The author deals with several examples of student’s field researches in the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Bulgaria in the past and nowadays. Since 2008 the author itself organizes student’s field researches within her own ethnology classes for students of the Balkan studies on the Department of Slavonic studies on the Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University in Brno. Foreigners from Southeast Europe (Bulgarian, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Macedonian, Greek, Albanian, Turks and Romanian) living in the Czech Republic are the research subjects. They either themselves or their ancestors moved to the Czech Republic in the past. During 2008–2016 the students collected a lot of material: 221 research reports, including 40 descriptions of participant observation during the community celebrations and 171 transcribed and commented interviews. The interviews aimed to study their coming to the Czech Republic and the relation to the Czech majority, ethnocultural traditions and language, private and family life, family relationships, contacts and gatherings, religious and ethnic identity, how the traditions are handed down from generation to generation, acculturation. Apart from the educational benefits of these researches there is a heuristic benefit, which author presents by an example of the research of Bulgarians in the Czech Republic.
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