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EN
In recent years we have been able to observe the phenomenon of Fifty Shades of Grey. This poses questions about why the primary, female target audience liked the book. In the presented study we asked what aspects of the book attract female attention, what they despise and how the book assessment relates to sexual satisfaction or motivation. 217 respondents participated in the study. The variables analysed in the study included book assessment, sexual motivations, satisfaction and other features characterising individual sexuality. A positive assessment was negatively correlated with the respondents’ emotional satisfaction. The respondents who read similar books assessed Fifty Shades of Grey higher and reported lower emotional satisfaction compared to those who did not read such books.
EN
The purpose of my text is an attempt to define the context of the global fascination of super-bestseller, the book Fifty Shades of Grey – regardless of the fact that literary critics agreed that this is a novel very poor in every aspect. What makes this erotic-romantic story so exceptional, among others, to the extent that it meets with a huge “cultural vindictiveness”, entering into public discourse invasively, while hundreds of others – good or bad books are ignored? The main context of interest/fascination with the book Fifty Shades of Grey, in my opinion, is associated with putting again – and doing it radically – question about the permitted forms of female sexuality. Here we are dealing with a sudden shift – by the author – the debate in this area “a few miles ahead” and cancellation of several important tenets, including the dogma of women as innocent virgin, the dogma of women as mothers and wives but also feminist dogma of women socially and sexually liberated from the domination of men.
EN
With the release of 50 Shades of Grey film version a few days before Valentine’s Day 2015, and its immediate box office success, sadomasochistic aesthetics seems to have finally made its way into mainstream popular culture. This feat, however, is only seemingly an accomplishment in liberalisation of general approach towards sexuality. The novel is rather an attempt to commercialise BDSM as a mass-market consumerist option, which compromises its original, subversive potential. The aim of this paper is to study sadomasochism historically, as a tool used to denounce the limitations of democracy and formal equality, and in this context to show how much Fifty Shades of Grey is not subversive but actually profoundly regressive. Beginning with what Slavoj Žižek refers to as “the heroism of the Marquis de Sade’s project for a democracy of enjoyment” voiced at times of libertarianism and the French Revolution’s declaration of universal human rights, the paper retraces how sadomasochism re-emerged throughout modern popular culture (Bloomsbury group, punk) providing means for the exploration of personal freedom and the extremes to which it can be taken. In this context, Fifty Shades of Grey is a great step back as it reiterates traditionalist stereotypes concerning sexuality and gender roles. The novel categorises good and bad sex, stigmatises homosexuality, presents BDSM as an illness that “only love can cure”, and entrenches 19th century’s definitions of masculinity and womanhood. Under the guise of promoting kinky sex, it introduces a new normativity whose laws are dictated by market economy.
PL
Wraz z wejściem na ekrany filmu Pięćdziesiąt twarzy Greya kilka dni przed walentynkami 2015 i jego sukcesem kasowym, estetyka sadomasochistyczna dotarła na dobre do mainstreamu popkultury. Jednak tylko pozornie jest to osiągnięcie na drodze do większej liberalności w podejściu do seksualności. Powieść jest raczej próbą skomercjalizowania BDSM jako jednego z towarów na masowym rynku konsumenckim, co stoi w sprzeczności z jej oryginalnym subwersyjym charakterem. Celem tego artykułu jest analiza sadomasochizmu z perspektywy historycznej jako narzędzie do obnażenia ograniczeń demokracji i równości i co za tym idzie ukazanie, że Pięćdziesiąt twarzy Greya jest raczej głęboko wsteczne niż subwersyjne. Rozpoczynając od tego, co Slavoj Žižek określił jako “heroism projektu markiza de Sade w sprawie demokracji przyjemności” ogłoszonego w czasach libertarianizmu i deklaracji Rewolucji Francuskiej w sprawie uniwersalnych praw człowieka, artykuł ten opisuje jak sadomasochizm pojawił się ponownie we współczesnej kulturze popularnej (Grupa Bloomsbury, punk) dostarczając sposobów zgłębiania wolności osobistej i jej granic. Z tej perspektywy Pięćdziesiąt twarzy Greya jest krokiem wstecz ponieważ powiela on tradycyjne stereotypy dotyczące płci i seksualności. Powieść dzieli seks na lepszy i gorszy, stygmatyzuje homoseksualizm, przedstawia BDSM jako chorobę, którą „tylko miłość może uleczyć” i umacnia dziewiętnastowieczne definicje męskości i kobiecości. Pod pozorem promowania perwersyjnego seksu, książka wprowadza nową taksonomię, której prawami rządzi rynek.
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