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Born and raised in Newfoundland and Labrador, Michael Crummey uses his inside knowledge to describe the region’s peculiarities in vivid detail. All four of his novels are set in Newfoundland and weave a story of its inhabitants throughout different moments in the island’s history. Though Crummey’s prose is broadly characterized as historical fiction, his novels differ from their traditional counterparts. This article aims to invite a reading of Crummey’s works through the prism of rescue history, a concept recently introduced by a Polish scholar, Ewa Domańska. Rescue history, drawing on frontier and post-colonial studies among others, is preoccupied with local, potential, existential and affirmative history whose goal is to rescue the future. Although the concept of rescue history encompasses a variety of disciplines and activities, this article will focus on the literary realization of the notion of rescue history in Crummey’s debut novel River Thieves, published in 2002. Based on historical accounts of Captain David Buchan’s expedition to Red Indian Lake, whose aim was to encourage trade and put an end to hostilities between English settlers and Beothuks, the novel encourages a compassionate revisiting of the chronicled events. Weaving an intricate web of human relations and dependencies, Crummey manages to restore agency to those who are situated on the periphery either due to gender, status or origin, thus reminding the reader that we are all capable of changing the course of history.
PL
Kanadyjska dramatopisarka Marie Clements została w 2007 roku poproszona o przygotowanie sztuki teatralnej dotyczącej kulturowej historii Kanady. Clements postanowiła przygotować spektakl o Edwardzie S. Curtisie i jego epickim dziele The North American Indian (1900−1930). Podstawą realizacji tego projektu stały się znane na całym świecie prace Curtisa, który na przełomie XIX i XX wieku zajmował się dokumentowaniem życia znikającej rasy Indian Ameryki Północnej. Do współpracy w opracowaniu graficznej strony sztuki oraz próby odtworzenia drogi, jaką przebył Curtis, uwieczniając sceny z życia rdzennej ludności, Clements zaprosiła kanadyjską fotografkę Ritę Leistner. Artystki odbyły fascynującą podróż śladami Curtisa, rejestrując współczesną obecność First Nations w Stanach Zjednoczonych i Kanadzie. Artykuł, opierając się na projekcie Clements i Leistner, ukazuje grę pomiędzy „odtwarzaniem” prawdziwej rzeczywistości na fotografiach a jej „kreowaniem” przez ich autora. W tekście przedstawione zostały trzy podstawowe wątki: misja i twórczość Edwarda S. Curtisa; sztuka Marie Clements pt. The Edward Curtis Project: A Modern Picture Story oraz zdjęcia Rity Leistner, które były wykorzystane w sztuce, a następnie zostały opublikowane w książce o tym samym tytule. Celem niniejszego tekstu jest przedstawienie projektu kanadyjskich autorek w kontekście socjologii i antropologii wizualnej i ukazanie potencjału fotografii jako środka budowania społecznego dyskursu, tworzenia narracji określonej społeczności. U jego podstaw leży założenie, że ten projekt artystyczny, opierając się na (zarówno biernym, jak i aktywnym) uczestnictwie autorów w codziennym życiu prezentowanej w nim społeczności, staje się źródłem wartościowego materiału badawczego, który może być następnie poddawany interpretacji o charakterze naukowym.
EN
In 2007, Marie Clements, a Canadian playwright, was asked to prepare a play about the cultural history of Canada. She decided to write a play about Edward S. Curtis, the author of an epic series of photographic works titled The North American Indian, published between 1900 and 1930. Clements invited to the project Rita Leistner, a Canadian photographer, who was responsible for the graphic aspect of the play. Her task was to recreate the way taken by Curtis while immortalizing scenes from the life of the indigenous peoples. Both artists took a fascinating journey following the footsteps of Curtis documenting today’s presence of the First Nations in the United States and Canada. This article, based on the project of Clements and Leistner, discusses the ambiguity of the medium of photography, one which ‘recreates’the reality and at the same time allows the authors to‘create’ it. It presents three basic themes: the mission and work of Edward S. Curtis; the play titled The Edward Curtis Project: A Modern Picture Story by Marie Clements; and the photographs – prepared by Rita Leistner – which were used in play and then published in the book of the same title. The purpose of this text is to present the project of the Canadian authors in the context of visual sociology and anthropology, and to show the potential of photography as a means of building social discourse and creating a narrative of a specific community. It is founded on the assumption that the artistic project in question – based on (both passive and active) participation of the authors in the everyday life of the community presented in it – becomes a source of valuable research material, which can then be subjected to scientific interpretations.
EN
Present-day Iroquois are seeking to preserve traditional healing methods. Members of the False Faces Society routinely perform cleansing rituals using Hodo masks. The spiritual significance and proceedings of the rituals were conveyed by the employees of the Iroquois community center (Longhouse) and the fellow tribesmen gathered around these centers. The participants provided information on the ways of acquiring, crafting, invoking, storage, and honoring the sanctified, animated artifact – the mask. The author of the article confronts the current position of the Onondaga Reserve and the Grand River Reserve Iroquois with historical teachings. The elder generation of Indians has maintained their faith in the mystical power of the rituals, while the secularized new generation approaches them with a strong skepticism.
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