Search results

1

STABILIZING ROLE OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN EFFECTING EXPORTS – CASE STUDY OF POLAND

100%

Borowicz A.

International Journal of Emerging and Transition Economies (IJETE)

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2012

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vol. 5

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issue 1-2

29-45

EN

The article raises the issue of the relations between foreign direct investment and exports, quoting the example of Poland. Most of the research done so far raises the issue of substitutability and complementarity of these phenomena. In their research of macroeconomic nature, authors such as Stehn, Stępniak and Markusen (Stępniak, 2005; Markusen et al, 1996) have proved that definitely in most cases we are dealing with complementarity of FDI in relation to foreign trade of the countries. Using the most up-to-date research regarding foreign investment (Melitz, 2003; Krugman), in this article I am trying to present FDI as that element of economic life that stabilizes exports, taking into account today’s context related to the economic crisis. Referring already in the first part to the research done also in Poland by the National Bank of Poland, I have presented FDI as a factor maintaining Poland’s exports on a high level despite temporary capital outflow. The inflow of capital in the form of FDI to Poland is done in particular by companies from developed countries that are first of all looking for a location to move their own operations and reduce costs. Secondly, Poland is attractive as a location because of the availability of large markets. On the one hand, by operating in Poland, being an EU member, they get access to the EU internal market, while on the other they get close to the Russian market. Consequently, in their strategy for internationalizing their operations, investors making a capital involvement are planning to carry out their export operations dynamically.

2

Foreign Direct Investments in the Automotive Industry in Poland

80%

Witczyńska K. B.

Logistics and Transport

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2017

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vol. 36

113-118

EN

The automotive industry is one of the branches with the highest degree of internationalization of production. The beginnings of the investment activities of automobile concerns, including Western Europe, in the new Member States date back to the early 1960s. The inflow of foreign direct investment to the automotive sector was widespread in the 1990s. The transition to a market economy was accompanied by growing demand for foreign capital with the change in ownership of industrial enterprises. The main form of inflow of FDI to Poland to the automotive sector, since the beginnings of the 90s was the takeover of existing industrial plants by foreign investors for their restructuring and joint ventures.

3

Powiązania gospodarcze między Stanami Zjednoczonymi Ameryki i Unią Europejską w latach 2006–2016

80%

Sporek T.

Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs

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2018

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vol. 3

153-184

EN

European Union is one of the United States of America’s most important economic partners. The article aims to analyze the causes, value and directions of the trade policy as well as direct foreign investments of the USA. The USA had several reasons to invest abroad that changed over time. These included: the strong appreciation of the high rate of growth of real wages, the Chinese trade surplus, which put pressure on foreign partners to reduce exports and undertake the production in their countries, the abundance of capital in the domestic market, the low level of real interest rates and finally the search for less expensive direct investment in the USA. The value of trade between these entities began to grow rapidly in 2007, and the trend continues today. The peak occurred in 2015, when the annual value of the stream exceeded 300 billion dollars.

4

GLOBAL FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FLOWS AND THE ECONOMIC CRISIS

80%

Klimek A.

International Journal of Emerging and Transition Economies (IJETE)

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2012

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vol. 5

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issue 1-2

47-56

EN

This paper has been devoted to analyzing the implications of the economic crisis, which was triggered by the mortgage credit defaults in the United States in the summer 2007, on the flows of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the world. The issue has not been broadly studied in the economic literature and the sufficient explanation has not been delivered yet. The problem is essential due to the significant influence of the crises on reshaping the global architecture. The distinctive feature of this paper is focusing on the rising power of emerging economies as new sources of FDI in the distressed world economy. Main numerical analysis was conducted using preliminary data on FDI in year 2009 and beginning of year 2010.

5

INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT: THE CASE OF POLAND

80%

Klimek A.

International Journal of Emerging and Transition Economies (IJETE)

|

2010

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vol. 3

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issue 1

115-126

EN

Intra-industry trade (IIT) has been widely investigated among developed countries. Main factors influencing the simultaneous flows of exports and imports were also identified for the group of advanced economies. Less attention was paid to the trade of emerging countries. Therefore, the author analysed bilateral trade between Poland and its main trading partners over the period 2000-2007. The analysis of IIT was conducted at the five-digit SITC products. Among factors influencing intensity of IIT the role of FDI was placed in the centre of the investigation.

6

Impact of Government Spending and Corruption on Foreign Direct Investment in Indonesia

80%

Syukri A. U., Hasanuddin B., Paddu A. H., Suhab S.

Research Papers in Economics and Finance

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2022

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vol. 6

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issue 1

34-45

EN

Investment is a critical macroeconomic variable for economic growth and development in any country. As a developing country with the fourth largest population in the world, Indonesia is also dependent on investment coming in from both home and abroad. A good investment climate is one of the solutions in overcoming economic problems so that foreign investors can invest in Indonesia. Obviously, various factors influence investors' willingness to invest in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of government spending, corruption, economic growth and wages on foreign direct investment in Indonesia. The study uses Ordinary Least Square (OLS) multiple linear regression analysis for the research period 2000-2020. The results show that the variables of government spending, corruption and economic growth have positive and significant impact on foreign direct investment, while the variable of salary has negative and significant impact on foreign direct investment. The Indonesian government needs to reduce the level of corruption and wage level to attract investors.

7

Location Determinants of Portuguese FDI in Poland

80%

Aleksandruk P., Forte R.

Baltic Journal of European Studies

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2016

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vol. 6

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issue 2

160-183

EN

In recent years, Poland has become one of the most attractive locations for foreign investment and has strengthened its position in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and throughout Europe. The aim of this paper is to analyse what makes Poland an attractive market for foreign investors, to offer a better understanding of reasons why Poland is a more attractive location compared to its neighbours in the CEE. After surveying Portuguese investors in Poland, our results indicate that the most significant factor determining locating a business in Poland is its large domestic market. Poland’s location is also appreciated by Portuguese investors while deciding on FDI. As indicated by Portuguese investors, the most important obstacles to investment in Poland are language barriers, cultural differences and bureaucracy. These results are relevant for companies who wish to invest in Poland and can also assist policymakers in designing policies to attract FDI.

8

Financial globalisation and economic transformation in Africa: Evidence from Nigeria

70%

Idode P., Sanusi G.

Nauki o Finansach

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2019

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issue vol. 24 no. 1

7-24

EN

This study examines the effects of financial globalisation on the Nigerian economy using data from the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin and the Nigeria Bureau of Statistics reports from 1992 to 2017. Using both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses, the study reveals that financial globalisation has helped to mobilise foreign direct investment into the economy and the significant positive effect of personal remittances on per capita income of Nigerians. Therefore it recommends that favourable policies to attract and retain FDI and personal remittances from developed nations should be encouraged and African governments and economic actors should consider all stakeholders’ interests, and ensure that an international financial and trade system is “fair and reciprocal” to eliminate the persisting trends in abject poverty, predatory trade policies and the escalation of economic inequalities in Africa.

9

Empirical Verification of the Occurrence of Lucas Paradox in the Region of Central – Eastern Europe

70%

Górniak A. M.

Finanse i Prawo Finansowe

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2021

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vol. 1

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issue 29

7-17

EN

The purpose of this article is to study the occurrence of the Lucas paradox in the region of Central-Eastern Europe. According to the research conducted by Robert Lucas (1990), the direction of the international capital flows is different than the neoclassical theory suggests. The capital does not flow from the richer, high-income economies to the poorer, but rather stays in those with the higher capital resources or flows to the other ones with similar level of GDP. The paper verifies whether the paradox appears in the region, in the way that it examines the impact of the GDP on the FDI inflows. Additionally, the study implements few basic models with factors that may potentially resolve the puzzle of the capital flows. The study method is based on panel data estimations, initially using pooled OLS, and subsequently using fixed or random effects models as appropriate. The examined economies are the member states of the European Union, from the region of Central-Eastern Europe, and the examined years are 2000-2018. Based on the literature, and the widely emphasized need for differentiating between the types of international capital flows, the article focus is on the foreign direct investment only, as they constitute large part of the whole global capital flows. Results of the research confirm the presence of the paradox in the region in the examined period. Even though the estimation of the additional models helps to remove the effects of the paradox for the region, it does not fully explain under which circumstances the neoclassical theory would be applicable. None of the applied models reverses the sign of the GDP variable to negative, keeping it statistically significant at the same time.

10

Determinants Of Foreign Direct Investment In Transition Economies, With Special Reference To Macedonia: Evidence From Gravity Model1

70%

Dauti B.

South East European Journal of Economics and Business

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2015

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vol. 10

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issue 2

7-28

EN

This paper accounts for the main determinants of Foreign Direct Investment stocks to 5-South East European Countries and the 10-New Member States of the European Union countries by using an augmented Gravity Model, for the purpose of calculating the potential levels of FDI stock in Macedonia. The study takes into account country specific institutional factors that determine foreign investors’ decisions from 20 core OECD countries to invest in SEE-5 and EU-NMS-10 countries. From the results of the study we find that gravity factors (market size and distance), institutional related factors (control of corruption, corruption perception index, regulatory quality, transition progress and WTO membership) and other traditional determinants of FDI (schooling, bilateral exports) appear to significantly determine inward FDI stock to the SEE region and new EU member states. The GMM estimates suggest that bilateral FDI stock is subject to persistence effects. The study additionally confirms the relatively strong gravitational character of Macedonia’s inward FDI stock.

11

Odrabianie dystansu rozwojowego w województwie podkarpackim w kontekście bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych i rynku pracy

61%

Barwińska-Małajowicz A., Puchalska K.

Nierówności społeczne a wzrost gospodarczy

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2014

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issue 37

421-434

PL

Dysproporcje w rozwoju regionalnym stanowią jedną z podstawowych barier w wyrówny-waniu szans rozwojowych regionów. Przeciwdziałanie pogłębianiu się dysproporcji w rozwoju gospodarczym poszczególnych regionów Polski jest konieczne ze względu na zagrożenie tych regionów zupełną marginalizacją. Województwo podkarpackie należy do regionów stojących przed wyzwaniem odrabiania dystansu rozwojowego. W tym kontekście niezbędne staje się po-dejmowanie działań zorientowanych na zmniejszanie dystansu województwa podkarpackiego wobec bardziej konkurencyjnych województw. Głównym celem niniejszego opracowania jest zaprezentowanie dystansu rozwojowego pomiędzy województwem podkarpackim a sytuacją ogólnopolską w odniesieniu do rynku pracy oraz bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych. W pierwszej części opracowania ukazano bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne w województwie podkarpackim na tle pozostałych 15 województw. W drugiej części skoncentrowano się na analizie sytuacji na podkarpackim rynku pracy na tle sytuacji ogólnopolskiej, przy czym analizie porównawczej pod-dano poziom stopy bezrobocia w woj. podkarpackim oraz natężenie bezrobocia w Polsce, prze-ciętne miesięczne wynagrodzenie brutto w układzie województw w latach 2005–2012 oraz obcią-żenie regionu Podkarpacia ryzykiem odpływu kapitału ludzkiego. Całość kończy syntetyczne podsumowanie przeprowadzonych rozważań.

EN

Disparities in regional development are one of the main barriers to equal opportunity in the development of regions. Preventing from deepening economic disparities of all Polish regions is necessary because of the threat of complete marginalization of these regions. Subcarpathian prov-ince is one of the regions facing the challenge of making up for the development gap. In this con-text, it becomes necessary to take measures aimed at reducing the distance Subcarpathian province to more competitive regions. The main objective of this paper is to present the development gap between the Subcarpathian region and the nationwide situation in relation to the labor market and direct foreign investment. In the first part of the paper the direct foreign investment in the Subcar-pathian region on the background of remaining 15 provinces has been presented. The second part focuses on the analysis of the situation on the labor market of Subcarpathian region on the back-ground of the nationwide situation, whereby comparative analysis was: given to the unemployment rate in the province of Subcarpathian and intensity of unemployment in Poland, the average monthly gross salary in the regions in 2005–2012, the risk of human capital outflow from the Subcarpathian region. The article finishes with the summary of conducted studies.

12

The Impact of FDI on Bilateral Exports: The Case of Automotive Industry in the Visegrad Countries

61%

Gyódi K.

Ekonomia. Rynek, Gospodarka, Społeczeństwo

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2014

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issue 37

57-76

EN

This analysis presents the effect of foreign direct investments in the automotive industry on the automotive exports of the Visegrad countries. The econometric analysis is based on the gravity model of trade. The author uses panel data to estimate variables that impact the automotive export. The data consists of the bilateral flows of trade and investments between the Visegrad countries and the other members of the OECD. The empirical analysis shows a positive correlation between the value of the FDI stock in the car industry and the automotive exports to the country of origin of investment. The results of the analysis prove that the Visegrad countries export a significant part of their automotive production to the home countries of the investing MNCs.

13

Czy Europa jest gotowa na chiński kapitał?

51%

Nessel K.

Kultura i Polityka

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2013

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issue 13

115-130

PL

Ekspansja zagraniczna firm chińskich wspomagana przez sprzyjającą politykę władz państwowych ChRL jest fenomenem relatywnie nowym i wciąż w większości krajów rozwiniętych raczej marginalnym. Jednak jej dynamika i potencjał są ogromne. I to właśnie ta perspektywa wzbudza wiele niepokojących pytań o efekty owej ekspansji na płaszczyźnie ekonomicznej, jak i politycznej. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie skali zagadnienia i jego istotności, a także próba określenia specyficznych cech ekspansji kapitału chińskiego na terytorium Unii Europejskiej w kategoriach ekonomicznych. Jako najważniejsze wyzwania związane z tym zjawiskiem uważa się zakłócenie reguł konkurencji wolnorynkowej oraz ryzyko transferu strategicznych aktywów do Chin kosztem przejmowanych firm w Europie. Przejściowo problematyczne mogą być też wysokie ryzyko niepowodzeń przedsięwzięć chińskich w Europie (wynikające z braku doświadczenia działalności w tak odmiennym otoczeniu) i odmienność kultury korporacyjnej oraz praktyk biznesowych (co generuje konflikty z pracownikami i otoczeniem zewnętrznym).

EN

Foreign expansion by Chinese companies supported by favourable government policy of the People's Republic of China is a relatively new phenomenon and still of marginal importance in industrialized countries of the Western world. However, its dynamics and potential are impressive. And it is precisely this medium-term perspective of the phenomenon that raises a few uneasy questions about the economic and political results of the Chinese business expansion. That is why the goal of this paper is to present, using economic terms, the scale and the importance of the phenomenon, as well as to try to determine several specific features of the Chinese business expansion in the European Union. The main challenges resulting from the increasing Chinese presence in Europe are disturbances in the free market competition and the risk of strategic asset transfers to China at the expense of acquired companies in Europe. In the short term, problems may arise due to the high risk of failure of Chinese activities in Europe (resulting from the lack of relevant experience in such a different environment), and due to numerous differences in business culture and practices generating conflicts with employees and external partners.

14

Kraje Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej w świetle koncepcji ścieżki rozwoju inwestycji po akcesji do Unii Europejskiej

51%

Kamińska T.

Studia Ekonomiczne

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2018

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vol. 352

111-126

PL

Artykuł stanowi próbę bilansu uczestniczenia krajów Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej w procesach integracyjnych w ramach Unii Europejskiej. Teoretyczną podstawę oceny dokonań ekonomicznych tworzy ścieżka rozwoju inwestycji, mocno osadzona w ekonomii międzynarodowej. Celem artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytanie, czy nowi członkowie poprawili swoją pozycję konkurencyjną po akcesji do UE, przyjmując bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne jako znaczący czynnik internacjonalizacji gospodarki. Przedmiotem dociekań w części empirycznej jest konwergencja dochodu per capita ze średnim dochodem UE jako podstawa wyznaczenia IDP każdego kraju, mierzona wskaźnikiem spójności oraz analiza syntetycznego wskaźnika eksportu BIZ netto (Net Outward Investment – NOI).

EN

The article is an attempt to present a “balance sheet” for countries of Central and Eastern Europe as considers their attendance in the EU. A theoretical basis to assess their economic achievements is being provided by the Investment Development Path (IDP), firmly embedded in international economics. The cognitive objective is the answer to the question whether newcomers improved their competitive advantages after the accession to the EU taking FDI as the significant factor of economy’s internationalization. The subject of research in order to plot the IDP are: the convergence with the UE average income per capita as grounds to plot the IDP, measured by the cohesion indicator, stocks of inward and abroad FDI, and the analysis of the Net Outward Investment.

15

Determinants of Foreign Direct Investments in the Visegrad Group Countries

51%

Wojciechowski L., Makieła K.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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2019

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vol. 4

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issue 343

103-121

PL

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest określenie determinant akumulacji zagranicznych inwestycji bezpośrednich (FDI) w krajach Grupy Wyszehradzkiej. Teoria zakłada, że FDI jest motywowana głównie chęcią pozyskiwania rynku i poprawy efektywności gospodarowania. Ponieważ zagraniczni inwestorzy szukają sprawnego i relatywnie taniego środowiska biznesowego, można przyjąć założenie, że produktywność jest jednym z kluczowych czynników przyciągających inwestycje zagraniczne. W celu weryfikacji takiego założenia sformułowano model bazujący na systemie dwóch równań: pierwszego dla produkcji, szacującego produktywność, oraz drugiego dla FDI, mającego na celu przeanalizowanie wpływu produktywności na FDI. Aby sprawdzić rzetelność badanej interakcji, wzięto również pod uwagę czynniki makroekonomiczne i instytucjonalne. Badanie przeprowadzono na 13 sektorach przemysłowych NACE w krajach V4 w latach 2004-2013. Wyniki wskazują na istotny związek między FDI i produktywnością, jak również na to, że rozmiar rynku, jakość (i ilość) siły roboczej, wydatki na B+R oraz zmiany cen w czasie są istotnymi determinantami FDI na poziomie przemysłu.

EN

The purpose of this paper is to investigate determinants of foreign direct investments (FDI) in the Visegrad Group countries. The theory indicates that FDI are mainly driven by market and efficiency seeking motives. Foreign investors are looking for a productive and relatively low‑cost business environment, which leads us to the assumption that productivity is one of key drivers of foreign capital. In order to verify this, we formulate a model based on a system of two equations: one for production to capture productivity and one for FDI to assess the influence of productivity on FDI. For robustness check, a number of macroeconomic and institutional factors are also considered. The study is conducted using a panel of 13 NACE industry sectors of the Visegrad Group countries in 2004-2013. The results indicate a positive, significant relationship between FDI and productivity as well as that market size, labour quality (and quantity), R&D expenditures and price changes over time are relevant FDI determinants at an industry level.

16

Ocena rynku offshoringowego w Polsce na tle jej konkurentów w Europie środkowo-wschodniej

51%

Lorencowicz H.

Roczniki Ekonomiczne Kujawsko-Pomorskiej Szkoły Wyższej w Bydgoszczy

|

2014

|

issue 7

192-205

PL

Artykuł prezentuje przegląd definicji offshoringu oraz główne wnioski z badań na jego temat przeprowadzonych przez znaczące organizacje i instytucje międzynarodowe. Wskazano w nim różnice w interpretowaniu koncepcji offshoringu przez poszczególne kraje środkowoeuropejskie oraz podjęto próbę oceny sytuacji rynkowej w tej dziedzinie. W artykule zwrócono uwagę na potencjalną zmianę kierunku Bezpośrednich Inwestycji Zagranicznych ze względu na kryzys polityczny na Ukrainie, który rozpoczął się w listopadzie 2013 roku oraz na potencjalne konsekwencje dla badanego regionu. Analizie zostało poddane znaczenie poziomu bezrobocia, poziomu wynagrodzeń oraz podstawowe informacje na temat sytuacji inwestycyjnej w krajach Europy Środkowowschodniej. Z przeprowadzonej analizy wynika, że ze względu na konflikt wewnętrzny w 2013 roku poziom BIZ na Ukraina spadnie, głównie na korzyść wschodnioeuropejskich krajów Unii, w szczególności Polski i Rumunii.

EN

This article presents the definitions of offshoring and the main conclusions of the study on the topic conducted by major international organizations and institutions. It points out the differences in the use of the concept of offshoring by selected Central European countries in comparison with Poland. The article draws attention to the potential changes in FDI Locations due to the political crisis in Ukraine started in November 2013. To present current situation in European Union there were analyzed such indicators as average unemployemt rate, average income and other basic indicators.

Refine search results

STABILIZING ROLE OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN EFFECTING EXPORTS – CASE STUDY OF POLAND

Foreign Direct Investments in the Automotive Industry in Poland

Powiązania gospodarcze między Stanami Zjednoczonymi Ameryki i Unią Europejską w latach 2006–2016

GLOBAL FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FLOWS AND THE ECONOMIC CRISIS

INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT: THE CASE OF POLAND

Impact of Government Spending and Corruption on Foreign Direct Investment in Indonesia

Location Determinants of Portuguese FDI in Poland

Financial globalisation and economic transformation in Africa: Evidence from Nigeria

Empirical Verification of the Occurrence of Lucas Paradox in the Region of Central – Eastern Europe

Determinants Of Foreign Direct Investment In Transition Economies, With Special Reference To Macedonia: Evidence From Gravity Model1

Odrabianie dystansu rozwojowego w województwie podkarpackim w kontekście bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych i rynku pracy

The Impact of FDI on Bilateral Exports: The Case of Automotive Industry in the Visegrad Countries

Czy Europa jest gotowa na chiński kapitał?

Kraje Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej w świetle koncepcji ścieżki rozwoju inwestycji po akcesji do Unii Europejskiej

Determinants of Foreign Direct Investments in the Visegrad Group Countries

Ocena rynku offshoringowego w Polsce na tle jej konkurentów w Europie środkowo-wschodniej