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The Macedonian Issue in the Geopolitics of the Balkans in the 20s of the Twentieth Century in the Light of British Diplomatic Relations

100%
Paszkiewicz J.
Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
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2014
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issue 4(30)
19-31
EN
The article shows the attitude of the Great Britain towards controversies connected with the so‑called Macedonian issue during the inter‑war period, using British archival and published sources. From the point of view of Great Britain the Macedonian issue should be eliminated from the international politics of those times. Its instrumentalization through individual revisionist countries of the region and powers could lead to destruction of the interwar political order in the region. The Macedonian case was treated by British diplomats as a result of political manipulation and unfulfilled aspirations of circles, dissatisfied with the political status quo of those days. The demands to recognize the Macedonian population as an ethnic minority were ignored by the British diplomacy, treating them as an expression of revisionism. The British hope was in the long‑term assimilation of the population within Yugoslavia and Greece. British diplomacy insisted that Bulgarian authorities restrict the influence of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) on relations with Yugoslavia. On the other hand, Yugoslavia should give up supporting Bulgarian emigrants who found refuge there after the coup in September 1923. Moreover, British diplomacy cared about no influence, in any form of the controversy related to the Macedonian issue, on the League of Nations.
2
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The Machník Decree of 1936 and its Perception by the British Legation in Prague and the Foreign Office

75%
Novotný L.
Central European Papers
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2013
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vol. 1
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issue 2
39-50
EN
The study is based on unpublished documents of the National Archives in London and deals with the perception of the so-called Machnik’s Decree from the point of view of the British Legation in Prague and the Foreign Office. The so-called Machnik’s Decree means the appeals of the Czechoslovak Ministry of National Defence from January 1936, addressed to various enterprises who were interested in state contracts. These contracts required the trustworthy persons only. Both British Legation and the Foreign Office found such activities inappropriate and understood them to be useless. The whole affair, which was discussed on the field of League of Nations, helped the Sudeten German Party to gain publicity on the international groun.
3
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Polityka Niemiec wobec Ameryki Łacińskiej

75%
kruk a.
Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Międzynarodowego
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2015
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vol. 9
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issue 1
94-104
EN
The paper explores the growing importance of Latin-American countries in the policies of the Federal Republic of Germany. The extent of their collaboration was defined, among others, in the policy documents developed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and adopted by the German government in 2010. The Foreign Office identified therein the priority cooperation areas, including economic collaboration with the region’s countries, development policy and environment protection policy. Attention was also given to collaboration in security issues, social welfare, education and culture. Assessing the tenets and practices of Germany’s political and economic involvements, we should conclude that, early into the second decade of the 21st century, Latin-American countries were recognised as an important economic and, to a lesser extent, political partner of the Federal Republic of Germany.
PL
W artykule omówiono rosnącą rolę państw Ameryki Łacińskiej w polityce Republiki Federalnej Niemiec. Zakres tej współpracy określa, między innymi, opracowany przez MSZ, program działań przyjęty przez rząd niemiecki w 2010 roku. Urząd Spraw Zagranicznych określił w nim dominujące obszary współpracy, za które uznano kooperację gospodarczą z państwami regionu, politykę rozwojową i politykę ochrony środowiska, a także kwestię współpracy w sferze bezpieczeństwa oraz spraw społecznych, edukacji i kultury. Oceniając zarówno założenia, jak i sposób prowadzenia przez RFN aktywności polityczno-gospodarczej, uznać należy, że państwa Ameryki Łacińskiej na początku drugiej dekady XXI wieku uznane zostały za ważnego partnera gospodarczego i – nieco w mniejszym stopniu – partnera politycznego Republiki Federalnej Niemiec.
4
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Foreign Office, britské vyslanectví v Praze a sudetoněmecká otázka v roce 1937

75%
Novotný L.
Moderní dějiny: sborník k dějinám 19. a 20. století (Modern History: Studies into 19th and 20th century history)
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2013
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vol. 21
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issue 2
101-130
EN
The views of Great Britain and its Foreign Office concerning the relation between the Czech and the German ethnic population in Czechoslovakia changed in the 1920s and 1930s. While in the 1920s the status quo in Czechoslovakia was recognized by London and the country was viewed positively as a rationally organized state, there was a change in the latter half of 1930s consisting in a shift from the positive toward a rather hesitant attitude to the existence of Czechoslovakia. The present study is based on an analysis of British unpublished sources related to the activities of the British Legation in Prague and shows that the year 1937 constituted a change in the Legation’s views of Czechoslovakia compared to the preceding period of time. Its leading officials, Envoy Basil Cochrane Newton and Secretary Robert Hadow, increasingly tended to the opinion that Prague must achieve an agreement with the Sudetengerman Party. This was an obvious shift in position compared to the year 1936 when the British Legation demanded negotiations with all Sudetengermans, including the “activistic” parties.
5
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GREEK ISSUE IN BRITISH FOREIGN POLICY (1914-1917)

63%
Hrachov A.
Міжнародні зв’язки України: наукові пошуки і знахідки
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2020
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issue 29
94-112
EN
The article sheds light on British policy of bringing Greece into the First World War on Entente’s side. Interests of mutual cooperation between Greek political circles and Foreign Office, the course of negotiations about terms of Greek participation in the war, and requirements of the sides are analyzed. Factors that made an influence on Great Britain’s diplomacy are researched, namely: a danger of joining Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria to Central Powers after entering into the war by Greece in the first months of the conflict, an influence of Dardanelles operation on the positions of Greece and British diplomacy, an activity of French foreign service. Methods of British diplomacy, notably territorial compensations, financial assistance and bribery, were discovered
6
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Návštěvy Konrada Henleina v Londýně : Příspvěk k internacionalizaci sudetoněmecké otázky ve druhé polovině 30. let 20. století

63%
Novotný L.
Moderní dějiny: sborník k dějinám 19. a 20. století (Modern History: Studies into 19th and 20th century history)
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2017
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vol. 25
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issue 2
87-104
EN
This study uses unpublished sources of British and Czech, as well as German and Austrian, provenance to analyse a number of trips made by Sudeten German Party leader, Konrad Henlein, to London which occurred between 1935 and 1938. It is shown that the managed to present the ever-more pressing Sudeten German issue in a manner which helped to create the image of a challenging life for the German minority in Czechoslovakia.
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