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STABILIZING ROLE OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN EFFECTING EXPORTS – CASE STUDY OF POLAND

100%
Borowicz A.
International Journal of Emerging and Transition Economies (IJETE)
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2012
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vol. 5
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issue 1-2
29-45
EN
The article raises the issue of the relations between foreign direct investment and exports, quoting the example of Poland. Most of the research done so far raises the issue of substitutability and complementarity of these phenomena. In their research of macroeconomic nature, authors such as Stehn, Stępniak and Markusen (Stępniak, 2005; Markusen et al, 1996) have proved that definitely in most cases we are dealing with complementarity of FDI in relation to foreign trade of the countries. Using the most up-to-date research regarding foreign investment (Melitz, 2003; Krugman), in this article I am trying to present FDI as that element of economic life that stabilizes exports, taking into account today’s context related to the economic crisis. Referring already in the first part to the research done also in Poland by the National Bank of Poland, I have presented FDI as a factor maintaining Poland’s exports on a high level despite temporary capital outflow. The inflow of capital in the form of FDI to Poland is done in particular by companies from developed countries that are first of all looking for a location to move their own operations and reduce costs. Secondly, Poland is attractive as a location because of the availability of large markets. On the one hand, by operating in Poland, being an EU member, they get access to the EU internal market, while on the other they get close to the Russian market. Consequently, in their strategy for internationalizing their operations, investors making a capital involvement are planning to carry out their export operations dynamically.
2
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THE IMPACTS OF EXCHANGE-RATE POLICIES ON THE FOREIGN TRADE: THE CASE OF TURKEY

80%
Akan Y., Arslan İ.
International Journal of Emerging and Transition Economies (IJETE)
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2008
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vol. 1
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issue ISSUE2
247-256
EN
This study aims at exploring the effects of exchange rate policies on the foreign trade. In order to capture this effect, foreign exchange rates and terms of trade are analyzed both theoretically and within the context of their historical development. As well as theoretical relationship of these variables, their development and application especially after 1980 in Turkey are also studied. Throughout this article, causality relation and its direction between exchange rate and foreign trade has been studied. They are analyzed with Granger causality test and regression analysis based on 1980-2006 yearly data. It is seen that foreign exchange rates have undeniable however in the short term- effects on the terms of trade but moreover, in the long term the general durability and productivity is more vital.
3

On the Foreign Economic Relations of China in the Interwar Era

80%
Skřivan A.
West Bohemian Historical Review
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2012
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vol. 2
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issue 2
73–85
EN
The foreign trade did not play a very significant role in the Chinese economy during the last decades of Qing dynasty and it did not change very much after the fall of empire and the establishment of the new republic. From a fiscal point of view, the significance of foreign trade increased because of growing revenues of customs duties. However, the foreign trade’s influence on both the structure and performance of the national economy stayed marginal. As for the import of foreign capital, direct investments clearly prevailed before 1937. Chinese government bonds represented an interesting phenomenon and rather risky investment. They definitely became a heavy burden for the Chinese government due to the high interest it had to pay to the bond holders.
4
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Mutual Foreign Trade between China and the Visegrad Group

80%
Pavel R.
Littera Scripta
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2016
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issue 3
42-51
EN
Foreign trade is very important in today's globalized world. China is currently the exporter number one and the importer number two in the world. The European Union is one of the largest economies in the world. International cooperation be-tween China and EU regions is, therefore, very important. This text focuses on mutu-al foreign trade between China and the Visegrad Group. Visegrad Group is special-ized in the production of whole cars and vehicle parts. There is a difference in origins of products for consumption and origins of products for investments in Visegrad Group. Chinese importers neglect the potential of V4 countries yet. There is necessary to liberalize the mutual foreign trade, cooperation, specialization and technology transfer in the future.
5
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Foreign Trade of Galicia and Bukovina and Other Austrian Countries at the End of the 19th Century Based on German Railway Statistics

61%
Lipelt R.
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae
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2018
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vol. 36
23-41
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