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PL
Artystyczna działalność Tadeusza Kuntzego, zwanego „Taddeo Polacco” (Zielona Góra 1727 – Rzym 1793), nie doczekała się do tej pory odpowiedniej oceny, mimo że był on jednym z  bardziej płodnych malarzy aktywnych w Rzymie od połowy lat 60. do 80. XVIII w. Artykuł jest próbą umiejscowienia twórczych osiągnięć Kuntzego w szerszym kontekście artystycznych powiązań i oddziaływań. Wśród tych ostatnich na szczególną uwagę zasługują związki Kuntzego z kolonią hiszpańską w Rzymie, a przede wszystkim znaczenie jego sztuki dla formacji młodego Francisca Goi. Osobnym, nie mniej istotnym zagadnieniem, jest oddziaływanie twórczości polskiego artysty na dynastię malarzy Madrazo, której przedstawiciele odegrali kluczową rolę w sztuce hiszpańskiej XIX w.
EN
The artistic activity of Tadeusz Kuntze, nicknamed ‘Taddeo Polacco’ (Zielona Góra 1727 – Rome1793) has not as yet been properly evaluated, despite him having been one of the most prolific painters active in Rome from the mid-1760s to the 1780s. An attempt at placing Kuntze’s creative accomplishments in a broader context of artistic interconnections and influences has been made. Among the latter, it is Kuntze’s bonds with the Spanish colony in Rome that are of special importance, particularly the impact of his art on the formation of young Francisco Goya. A separate, however not less important issue is the influence of the Polish artist on the Madrazo family of painters whose members played a key role in 19th-century Spanish art.
EN
The main aim of the article is to propose a different category of description of a literary work referring to painting, based on the poem written by Jacek Kaczmarski. Contamination in the author’s opinion is characterized by a simultaneous reference to many works, so the poem on the one hand has the features of enumeration, but on the other hand it is very compendious. Therefore, it is necessary for the analysis to be carried out close to the text, almost verse after verse. Kaczmarski, in a certain way, created a biography of Goya based on his paintings, and enriched it with universal meanings. The author of this work attempts to show both planes during the analysis.
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PL
Lęk i niepokój w wymiarach sztuki. W artykule zainteresowana jestem różnymi manifestacjami estetycznej trwogi i strachu, tj. trwogi i strachu wywoływanych przez dzieła sztuki, które omawiam w perspektywie zarówno estetycznej, jak i antropologicznej. Analizuję powiązanie międzt trwogą i przyjemnością w katharsis, w pojęciu wzniosłości Edmunda Burke’a j w odniesieniu do Czarnego Malarstwa Goyi oraz myśli Paula Virilio. Estetyczna trwoga i strach współistnieją wraz z innymi emocjami takimi jak litość, smutek, a szczególnie przyjemność, która pozostaje autonomiczna bądź wyrasta z fascynacji złem.
EN
If Milos’s Forman target in Amadeus was to present Mozart’s music as dramatis personae, then in Goya’s Ghosts everything revolves around the paintings of Goya, which he perceives in a way that is not based on the artist’s biography. He was far from wanting to direct a movie about Goya, as he cared solely about picturing the demons that were haunting the artist. His point of view on the works of this great Spaniard was one of widely understood referentiality that stemmed from his being convinced of the documental understanding of historical facts. This is noticable both in reference to Los Caprichos (1797-1798) and to Los desastres de la Guerra (1810-1820), but mostly it evinces itself in paintings crafted for the court and paintings that were created to document Spanish protest against the French occupants who had occupied Goya’s fatherland. It helped to integrate paintings showing Madrid and its surroundings into a flow of movie pictures, which determined the notability of Forman’s film, but it also led to the non-recognition of the agenda of freedom inscribed in Goya’s creations; the consequences were that Forman misread the painter’s intentions and interpreted both of the oeuvres too realistically – Los Caprichos and Los desastres de la guerra, not excluding such works as historical paintings and portraits. The summary includes remarks about visible transfer from formal art to informal art, from manor painting to the intronisation of “liberalism in art”.
PL
Madrid on film and in painting. About Goya’s Ghosts by Milos Forman If Milos’s Forman target in Amadeus was to present Mozart’s music as dramatis personae, then in Goya’s Ghosts everything revolves around the paintings of Goya, which he perceives in a way that is not based on the artist’s biography. He was far from wanting to direct a movie about Goya, as he cared solely about picturing the demons that were haunting the artist. His point of view on the works of this great Spaniard was one of widely understood referentiality that stemmed from his being convinced of the documental understanding of historical facts. This is noticable both in reference to Los Caprichos (1797-1798) and to Los desastres de la Guerra (1810-1820), but mostly it evinces itself in paintings crafted for the court and paintings that were created to document Spanish protest against the French occupants who had occupied Goya’s fatherland. It helped to integrate paintings showing Madrid and its surroundings into a flow of movie pictures, which determined the notability of Forman’s film, but it also led to the non-recognition of the agenda of freedom inscribed in Goya’s creations; the consequences were that Forman misread the painter’s intentions and interpreted both of the oeuvres too realistically – Los Caprichos and Los desastres de la guerra, not excluding such works as historical paintings and portraits. The summary includes remarks about visible transfer from formal art to informal art, from manor painting to the intronisation of “liberalism in art”.
Sztuka Leczenia
|
2020
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vol. 35
|
issue 2
73-84
EN
Francisco Goya, Vincent van Gogh and Edvard Munch – romanticism, impressionism and expressionism, were outstanding painters whose most famous paintings are known all over the world. They owe their success to courageous breaking patterns in artistic terms. All three characters are connected by painting and madness. Van Gogh suffered from schizophrenia, panic attacks and obsessions. He was struggling with tobacco and alcohol abuse. Munch was affected by depression and neurotic disorders, mental illness also occurred in his family. Both were treated in psychiatric hospitals. Goya underwent a stroke and at the end of his life he was completely deaf. He isolated himself from the world within the walls of his estate. In addition, all three artists were constantly exposed to lead poisoning and paint fumes. Both mental and organic diseases left their mark on their work and should be an integral element in the interpretation of their works.
PL
Francisco Goya, Vincent van Gogh i Edvard Munch (romantyzm, impresjonizm i ekspresjonizm) to wybitni malarze, których najsłynniejsze obrazy znane są na całym świecie. Sukces zawdzięczają odważnemu przełamywaniu schematów na gruncie artystycznym. Wszystkie trzy postacie łączy malarstwo oraz szaleństwo. Van Gogh cierpiał na schizofrenię, ataki paniki i manii prześladowczej. Zmagał się z nadużywaniem tytoniu i alkoholu. Munch był dotknięty przez depresję i zaburzenia nerwicowe, choroby psychiczne występowały również w jego rodzinie. Obaj leczyli się w szpitalach psychiatrycznych. Z kolei Goya przeszedł udar mózgu, a pod koniec życia, całkowicie głuchy, odizolował się od świata w murach swojej posiadłości. Ponadto wszyscy trzej byli stale narażeni na zatrucie ołowiem oraz oparami farb. Zarówno choroby psychiczne, jak i organiczne odcisnęły piętno na ich twórczości i powinny stanowić integralny element interpretacji ich dzieł.
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