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Początki kariery Franjo Tuđmana w świetle wybranych źródeł – przyczynek do biografii

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Skobejko K. M.
Historia i Polityka
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2020
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issue 31 (38)
PL
In the 1980s, when the Yugoslav state crumbled, national aspirations of individual nations living in its territory came to the fore. It was no different with the second largest nation of this country – the Croatians. The emergence of the Croatian Democratic Community (Croatian Hrvatska Demokratska Zajednica) was a signal of the growing aspirations of independence Croats. The founder of this political formation and its leader was Franjo Tuđman, the first president of independent Croatia. This article attempts to present the process of shaping his political views from early youth until joining the Communist Party and establishing its position in its ranks. The chronological framework of the work covers the period from early childhood of Franjo Tuđman until the communists took power in Yugoslavia. The following periods of his life have been described, concerning the history of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and Yugoslavia, and the installation of the government of Joseph Broz – Tito. The article in its conclusions aims to answer the question of how his political views evolved and why he ultimately turned towards national and independence views.
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Elementy tradycji ustaszowskiej i ich znaczenie w procesie kształtowania się chorwackiej tożsamości narodowej po rozpadzie Socjalistycznej Federalnej Republiki Jugosławii

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Cesarz M.
Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem
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2014
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vol. 36
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issue 4
69 - 88
EN
The paper is an attempt to analyse elements of the Ustaše tradition in the political life of today’s Croatia. Despite the fact that over 50 years have passed since the collapse of the Independent State of Croatia (NDH), established on the initiative of Italy and Germany, the spirit of Ante Pavelić and the historical conflict between the Ustaše and the Chetniks are still present in the country’s political life and popular culture. The renaissance of nationalism was a legacy of rapid transformation and break-up of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia; in addition, it dominated the political life during the quasi-authoritarian rule of the first president of Croatia, Franjo Tuđman. The coat of arms, currency and language policy adopted at the time are often associated with — not always rightly – with the ideology of the NDH. What also contributed to this was Tuđman’s historical revisionism, his authoritarian personality, anti-Serbian and anti-Semitic pronouncements as well as an equivocal attitude of the political elites, which — despite aspirations to EU membership — were unable to bring themselves to condemn the ideological legacy of Ante Pavelić’s regime.
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