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Tomáš G. Masaryk na stránkách periodika Die Drei Ringe 1925‒1938

100%
Pospíšil C. V., Řeháková V.
Studia theologica
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2021
|
issue 2
193-212
EN
The authors of this study have researched an internal periodical of the German Free Masons Die Drei Ringe which was published from the year 1925 until 1938. Their interest focuses on the attitude of the German Free Masons towards the figure of T. G. Masaryk in the First Czechoslovak Republic. There are neither positive nor negative expressions of interest towards the first President until the year 1929. An increasing number of references and a growing intensity of expressed esteem are apparent as of 1930. German Free Masons in Bohemia and Moravia were especially attracted to Masaryk’s concept of humanity, democracy and equality of nations. Much less focus is given to the religious dimension of Masaryk’s thinking, probably only from the side of the German professor of philosophy Oscar Kraus who presents Masaryk’s practical monotheist religiosity, naturally very understandable and attractive for the Free Masons. It is evident, however, that German Free Masons hold a strongly positive attitude towards Czechoslovakia, the country in which they lived, so they could be paradoxically referred to as true "Czechoslovakians".
2
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Poměr T. G. Masaryka k regulérním zednářům

88%
Pospíšil C. V.
Studia theologica
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2020
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vol. 1
197-227
EN
This theme is processed by Catholic theologian because the question of Free Masons is connected in the Catholic world frequently with a false presumption, a superstition, that Regular Free Masons are Satanists. Combating superstition is indeed the task of a theologian. In the first and preparative part of this study, the author presents the most important facts from the history of Regular Free Masons in the world and in Czech history. In the second and scientific contributive part, the author analyses the Masaryk’s texts which are dedicated to the issue of Free Masons in their chronological succession. In the conclusion, the author states, that T. G. Masaryk was never a Free Mason, and clarifies his relationship to this organization as diplomatic respect connected with combat for the liberty of conscience and democracy. The relationship between Catholics and Regular Free Masons should take the form of interreligious or ecumenical dialogues.
3
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Svobodní zednáři v dokumentech katolické církve 1738‒1878

88%
Studia theologica
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2022
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vol. 3
149-170
EN
The authors analytically and critically study papal statements on Free Masons during the period 1738‒1878. The period 1878‒1983 will be a subject of the following article. The Catholic Magisterium of that historical period did not fully distinguish between Free Masons, Illuminates, Carbonari and other organisations which often have different aims and methods of work. The problem is also a degree of connectedness between Free Masons and the French Revolution. There is no accusation of satanism in any of the papal documents. There is another problem when, based on its experience with Italian and maybe French Lodges, the Papacy pronounced global sentences and judgement over Free Masons of the whole world. For at least last fifty years, many of them have strongly distanced themselves from the Italian Masons of the mentioned period. The principal condemnation of indifferentism, syncretism, deism, and relativism are still valid. With regard to the differences of various Masonic groups, there is a question if these characteristics can be really fully applied on some of them. It is very irresponsible to transmit Papal statements on Free Masons, originating as reactions on the past situations and needs of the Catholic Church, into the present without critical study and understanding of contemporary connections. Furthermore, it is contrary to the spirit of the Second Vatican Council and following Papal documents.
4
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Českoslovenští zednáři (1925‒1938) a evoluční vznik člověka

88%
Pospíšil C. V., Řeháková V.
Studia theologica
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2022
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vol. 1
145-155
EN
Based on a critical analysis of the periodicals Svobodný zednář and Die drei Ringe, the authors of the article examine the attitudes of Czechoslovak Free Masons towards the question of the evolutionary origins of the human being and towards Darwinism in the period of 1925‒1938. Czech Free Masons had no interest in this issue. A clear rejection of Social Darwinism and racism can be found. German Free Masons, living in this country, consequently accepted the evolutionary origins of humans and naturally stood up against Social Darwinism, especially from 1933 on. The Darwinist concept of human origins was not used in even one case against the Bible, Christianity, or the Catholic Church. Taking into account the faith of regular Free Masons in God the Creator – the Great Architect and in the immortality of the human soul, one can quite easily speculate as to their closeness to the theistic interpretation of the evolutionary origins of humans which is typical for Christian thinkers.
5
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Tomáš G. Masaryk na stránkách časopisu Svobodný zednář 1933‒1938

75%
Pospíšil C. V., Řeháková V., Sušer J.
Studia theologica
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2021
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vol. 1
207-225
EN
The volumes of the internal periodical of the Czech Free Masons 1933‒1938 make many references to T. G. Masaryk who was becoming an increasingly symbolic figure, shielding democratic Czechoslovakia at the time of enforced totalitarianism in neighbouring countries, especially in Germany. Czech Free Masons took Masaryk’s criticism about their organisation, expressed in his publication in 1905, extremely badly. It provoked heated discussions in their Lodges. It was especially Grand Master K. Weigner who often highlighted the religious dimension of Masaryk’s legacy. In general, there was a visible bond between Free Masonry and democracy which naturally led to the veneration of the President Liberator. Czech Free Masons had similar hopes in E. Beneš which was also true about German and Hungarian Free Masons in Czechoslovakia.
6
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Tomáš G. Masaryk na stránkách periodika Svobodný zednář 1925‒1932

75%
Pospíšil C. V., Řeháková V., Sušer J.
Studia theologica
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2020
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vol. 4
183-203
EN
The authors focus on an internal periodical of Czech Free Masons from 1925 till 1932, i.e. until the year of Hitler’s taking over power in Germany. They find out that the relationship of the Free Masons to T. G. Masaryk was gradually being intensified. While the periodical never mentioned him in the period 1925‒1927, from the following year on, occurrences of his name and expressions of honour towards him increased in number and in intensity. From the year 1931 onwards, his title “Mason without Apron” became official. Czech Free Masons also accepted Masaryk’s religious legacy which was contrary to what the majority in the society held.
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