A portrait of a ruler as a personification of the state had been one of the most common commissions from artists, and it was not different also during the 19th century. The first half of the 19th century witnessed a shift in the way of portraying an emperor - from the absolutist feature to a closer relation to citizens of the state. The article exemplifies this line of development by a number of representative portraits of Habsburg monarchs - namely Francis I, Ferdinand V and Francis Joseph I - by painters like Jacob Cimbal, Carl Steinacker or Friedrich Lieder, deposited in Slovak Galleries and Museums Collections.
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