Search results

1

Czy w NRD istniała cenzura literacka? Przekształcenia i biurokratyczno-organizacyjne umocowanie urzędu kontroli literatury w NRD

100%

Rajch M.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica

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2017

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vol. 41

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issue 3

95-103

EN

In communist countries censorship offices were the final link in the entire process of control of a given literary text before its publication. The Polish Central Office for the Control of Press, Publications and Performances of the ideological and political control of the manuscripts submitted. The [formulation of the] publication schedule and monitoring its implementation was done by institutions answerable to the Ministry of Culture and Art. In the GDR right from the start attempts were made to concentrate the two forms of control in one institution, which ultimately took place in 1963 after the establishment of the Central Board of Publishing Houses and Book Trade (Hauptverwaltung Verlage und Buchhandel). This institution held logistical and economic control of publishing houses, supervising from day one the publication schedules and monitoring the books prepared for issue as to their ideological and political content. It also made the final decision as to whether given books can come out and on what conditions, or whether their publication should be prevented.

2

Innowacyjność gospodarki RFN na tle porównawczym

100%

Kalka P.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2016

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issue 3(360)

63-77

EN

The article has two aims. The first is to evaluate the innovativeness of the German economy and the second consists in analyzing innovative weaknesses of this economy. The author comes to the conclusion that German economy is stronger in respect of innovativeness than other big European economies (economies of France, Great Britain, Italy and Spain). He explains the complex causes of this phenomenon and shows some innovative weaknesses of the German economy as well. In his opinion they will not be eliminated even in the long term scale.

3

Germany - Two Demographically Different States?

100%

Szymańska D., Środa-Murawska S., Biegańska J.

Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series

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2008

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vol. 10

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issue 10

85-92

EN

The paper is an attempt of an answer how belonging to different political, economical and cultural structures has influenced diverse population processes and structures and their spatial diversity. As an example to the research of these phenomena there was chosen Germany that until 1990 were two separated socio-political and economical formations (the German Democratic Republic (GDR) and the Federal Republic of Germany FRG). This state, with a population number about 82 millions presently, as it turns out - besides passage of time - is characterized all the time by some diversity of procreation behaviors, population processes and structures in the Eastern (Ost) and the Western part (West) of Germany. It is claimed, the structures are going to some similarities, but the 15 years period (1990-2005) was too short to level all stated demographical differences and trends (1).

4

Streiks in der DDR: Ursachen, Abläufe und Ausmaß

100%

Steiner A.

Central European Papers

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2018

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vol. 6

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issue 1

97-114

EN

At the outset, this paper deals with the first nationwide strike in the Eastern Bloc, which took place in the GDR in June 1953, and its causes and consequences. Following this, it presents the particular problems and the possibilities for strikes during the initial post-war period and the period under the Soviet Occupation. As part of the socio-economic transformation of the Soviet occupied zone in Germany strikes were partially used in order to take action against private entrepreneurs. However, in the early 1950s strikes were called over bad working and living conditions or because the workers felt aggrieved. Hereafter, the fundamental issue of strikes within the conditions of a socialist system is: The communist party legitimized its rule as a “workers and peasants power” with the state property being seen as “people’s property” and hence workers could not go on strike against themselves. In the GDR, strikes never reached the extent of the ones in the weeks of June/July 1953. After this event until 1989, no larger scale demonstrations of workers for their rights or against the SED rule took place. Nevertheless, there were strikes; despite their differences, they showed certain characteristics and courses of action which are presented next. The numbers of people involved in strikes remained within manageable limits after 1953. Furthermore, strikes were initiated quickly and due to certain controversial subjects and therefore happened more spontaneously. Even after 1953 the subjects of the conflicts were mostly questions of wages and work norms, i.e. the income. These typical characteristics developed until the end of the 1950s and were preserved after. Nevertheless, the number of strikes changed considerably until the end of the GDR: at the beginning of the 1960s, they were still relatively high, but in the years of the economic reform declined sharply. Although numbers increased noticeably at the end of the 1960s, due to the economic crisis, strikes increasingly lost their importance throughout the 1970s and 1980s, with the numbers of participants decreasing drastically. The causes for this development are explained at the end of the paper.

5

Przeciwko zapomnieniu. Jürgen Fuchs i pamięć o drugiej niemieckiej dyktaturze

88%

Kuczyński E.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2014

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issue 2(351)

39-57

EN

Twenty-five years after the fall of the Berlin Wall, GDR did not become a relic of the past nor was it dumped on the garbage heap of history. Contrary to widespread expectations, the “state of workers and peasants” is still by all means a current topic, as attested by numerous scholarly and journalistic publications, as well as by memory, whose scope oversteps the borders of former Eastern Germany and enters into the difficult and complex context of German-German history. According Jürgen Fuchs (1950-1999), who until the breakthrough of 1989/90 was considered to be one of the most important writers living in forced emigration in the FRG, memory played a key role in the struggle against the communist regime, and it was memory that became instrumental for him in the process of creating engaged literature. The article highlights the person and achievements of this engaged and critical writer, who used to “tell what it was really like”, and therefore struggled against forgetfulness. His work dealt largely with the second German dictatorship, which he exposed among others by the description of facts, documentation of the surrounding reality, presentation of the mechanisms of totalitarian violence, rejection of the postulate of a “thick line” that closes the past without settling accounts, and above all by disclosing the truth hidden in the Stasi files.

6

Dokumentarisches Erzählen in der deutschsprachigen Prosa vor und nach der Wende des Jahres 1989

88%

Tomasi-Kapral E.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Germanica

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2022

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issue 16

103-120

EN

This article focuses on documentary narration in literary prose, which is analyzed with regard to its function and poetics using the example of selected texts of GDR protocol literature and German documentary literature of the post-reunification years. The question of what constitutes the peculiarity of documentary literature and what caused its popularity in the pre- and post-reunification period will be explored. Furthermore, selected examples will be used to illustrate how the levels of the factual and the fictional intermingle and complement each other in the individual texts. The texts discussed in this article are narratives that remain close to factual events, but at the same time fictionalize them and therefore cannot be considered completely and unambiguously in either the category of literary fiction or documentary.

7

„Sprache der Wende”. Przełom roku 1989 w oczach pisarzy wschodnioniemieckich

75%

Latkowska M.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2021

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vol. 65

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issue 2

7-22

PL

This article presents the involvement of East German writers in the autumn events of the 1989 breakthrough in the wider context. These events included, above all, the demonstrations organized by the liberal wing of the Writers’ Union and the “For Our Country” statement, which aroused wide controversy. The article describes the main axes of the “literature controversy,” a debate which lasted from the beginning to the middle of the 1990s and concerned the political responsibility of East German writers. The author’s reflections are largely based on archival materials, which encompass testimonies of social reactions to the actions of the government, the appeals of intellectuals, and the opinions of writers from the FRG and GDR (including those in exile) on the political future of Germany. The article outlines the specificity of the GDR writers’ milieu over several decades, comparing it with analogous circles in Poland. The article ends with a reflection on the relationship between these two circles and the reaction of East German writers to the events in Poland in the 1980s.

8

Reise in ein fernes Land. Skandalös – und doch kein Skandal

75%

Kuropka J.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Germanica

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2017

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issue 13

47-60

EN

The travel reports about observations and experiences journalists of the weekly newspaper DIE ZEIT made while travelling in the GDR in the years 1964 and 1986 and which they published in books belong to the genre of travel literature (reference is made to Goethe, Schummel and Döblin). Both travels were made at the invitation of the government of the GDR and were allegedly completely free – but part of a “plan”. Due to the isolation resulting from the construction of the Berlin wall in 1961, both books met with great public interest. In their politically accented report, obviously designed to medially support the so-called “new East politics” of the Brandt government, the journalists paint a glowing picture, minimizing the reality of the party dictatorship, even though solid analyses of the actual conditions in the GDR were available. This can be compared to Lion Feuchtwanger’s “Moskau 1937” which he published “for his friends” about his travel to Moscow. However, the communist Feuchtwanger openly expressed his sympathy and characterized the Soviet Union as a dictatorship. To sum up, the reports of the ZEIT journalists can be classified as ‘political-fictional’ literature of purpose, on the one hand, because of their concealed political objective, and on the other hand, because the authors, due to their salon Marxist background, were, like Feuchtwanger, possibly of the opinion that they saw something “great”.

DE

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9

Kriegsliteratur aus der DDR und die Zensur in der Volksrepublik Polen in den ersten Nachkriegsjahren

75%

Rajch M.

Studia Germanica Posnaniensia

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2016

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issue 37

253-262

EN

From all of the German literature distributed in Poland during the first half of the nineteen fifties, that of the GDR was the most strongly represented, because like the People's Republic, it was part of the Eastern Bloc. A substantial part of this literature touched upon the themes of the Second World War. As some prominent Eastern German authors had taken part in the Spanish Civil War in 1936-1939, this subject also couldn't be ignored. The introduction in 1949 of socialist realism as the most important criterion of art, and particulary strong political pressure, led to a great deal of confusion and insecurity, not only for Polish publishing houses, but also among the censors, whose task was to take decisions about what literature could be printed. Censors’ opinions in this period often differed, not only in terms of detailed matter, but also in the final decisions about the eventual fate of the title submitted for evaluation.

DE

From all of the German literature distributed in Poland during the first half of the nineteen fifties, that of the GDR was the most strongly represented, because like the People's Republic, it was part of the Eastern Bloc. A substantial part of this literature touched upon the themes of the Second World War. As some prominent Eastern German authors had taken part in the Spanish Civil War in 1936-1939, this subject also couldn't be ignored.The introduction in 1949 of socialist realism as the most important criterion of art, and particulary strong political pressure, led to a great deal of confusion and insecurity, not only for Polish publishing houses, but also among the censors, whose task was to take decisions about what literature could be printed. Censors’ opinions in this period often differed, not only in terms of detailed matter, but also in the final decisions about the eventual fate of the title submitted for evaluation.

10

SOCIOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE AND IDEOLOGY IN THE GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC: THE INSTITUTIONALIZATION PROCESSES OF A DISCIPLINE

75%

GRÜNING B.

Society Register

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2019

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vol. 3

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issue 1

39-72

EN

This article analyzes the dissemination of sociological knowledge in the social sciences and humanities (SSH) and other fields of cultural production in the German Democratic Republic (GDR), from the early postwar period to German reunification. In this regard, I investigate the relationships between sociology and politics, taking into account the specific contexts of the GDR-State and the institutionalization processes of these disciplines. To prevent a deterministic understanding of political power on academic and scientific systems, I adopt the Bourdieusian concept of field (cf. Bourdieu 1966; 1984; 1985; Bourdieu and Wacquant 1992; Bourdieu and Boltanski 2008). This concept allows me to highlight how the relationship between the academic and political fields changed over time by simultaneously looking at the influences of political, cultural, social and economic transformations of GDR society on the political goals of the GDR-State and the strategies of sociologists within the broader field of production of sociological knowledge.

11

Floty niemieckie w XX stuleciu. Od Kaiserliche Marine do Deutsche Marine

75%

Kochnowski R.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2015

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issue 4(357)

207-228

EN

The article presents the development of German States’ fleets in the 20thcentury. It shows their evolution overthe last one hundred years. The author focuses on the evolution of the place and role of the German Fleet from the Imperial Navy up to the contemporary Deutsche Marine, which concentrates on performing the tasks of joint forces within NATO. It also shows GDR and FRG fleets during the division of Germany. Contemporary German fleet and the FRG’s armed forces in general are rather modest compared to the economic capacities of today’s Germany. This situation coincides with an atmosphere of increasing pacifism that permeates the German society.

12

Sportwunderland DDR – powstanie i upadek sportowego mocarstwa

75%

Wojtaszyn D.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2016

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issue 4(361)

135-151

EN

The German Democratic republic, despite limited economic and demographic opportunities, achieved an incredible success in sports, becoming in the second half of the 20th century a real sports superpower. Competition at the international level, especially the Olympic Games were arenas for the presentation of the country’s supremacy in sport, on account of which it began to be called "Sportwunderland". The article attempts to identify the most important components of the sport success of the GDR - institutional structures and implementation of the achievements of science in sport, together with the pathological use of prohibited pharmacological assistance, as well as methods of acquiring and selecting outstanding sportspersons. In addition, the article provides an analysis of the situation of East German sport after the unification of Germany and discusses ways of dealing with the dark sides of its past.

13

Filmowiec nie może działać wyłącznie lokalnie. Z Krzysztofem Zanussim o współpracy z kinematografią niemiecką rozmawia Ewa Ciszewska

75%

Zanussi K., Ciszewska E.

Images. The International Journal of European Film, Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication

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2018

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vol. 23

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issue 32

EN

The paper presents an interview with Krzysztof Zanussi (born 17 June 1939), one of the most renowned award-winning Polish film directors. Some of his numerous films for television and cinema have been made in co-operation with German producers, including Manfred Durniok. His film Roads in the Night (Wege in der Nacht, 1979) was presented in 1980 in Cannes as part of the section “Un certain regard”. In Germany, Zanussi filmed not only some of his own screenplays, such as Imperative (Imperativ, 1982 – Special Jury Prize at the Venice International Film Festival in 1982), but also adaptations of Polish and German literature, for example House of Women (Haus der Frauen, 1977) based on a play by Zofia Nałkowska and Bluebeard (Blaubart, 1983) based on a novel by Max Frisch. In addition to those productions, he concurrently made films in Poland. Director of the TOR Film Studio since 1979. He produced films by such directors as Krzysztof Kieślowski and Agnieszka Holland. He currently works on a feature film entitled Ether.

14

Memory grids: Forgetting East Berlin in Krass Clement’s Photobook Venten på i går. Auf Gestern warten (2012)

75%

Mrozewicz A. E.

Images. The International Journal of European Film, Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication

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2015

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vol. 17

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issue 26

39-57

EN

Memory grids: Forgetting East Berlin in Krass Clement’s Photobook Venten på i går. Auf Gestern warten (2012) In the article, I argue that by means of qualities intrinsic to the medium of the photobook, the renowned Danish photographer Krass Clement (b. 1946) constructs a complex narration, which, on the one hand, seeksmeta-refl ection on the relationships between photography, memory, and the perception of reality, and, on the other, explores the post-GDR condition of Berlin and Germany. Venten på i går. Auf Gestern warten (Danish and German for “Waiting for yesterday”) includes both old and contemporary images, in both colour and black-and-white, but the book is neither (n)ostalgic nor documentary. Rather, I insist that Clement’s project epitomizes memory work and that its guiding principle can be understood through Rosalind Krauss’ concept of the grid. Th e grid is here inseparable from photography’s relation to memory and reality. I explore how the dialectics between remembering and forgetting, inherent to photography, is enacted by the book, and how it foregrounds the opaqueness rather than the transparency of the medium and perception. I also present how the universe constructed by Clement unfolds within the three temporal dimensions suggested in the title of the book: a present (post-ideological) suspension between the future and the past.

15

“The local people do not favour residing in apartments”: Bauakademie’s UN HABITAT seminars on housing for the global South, 1987-1989

75%

Marcks J.

Střed. Časopis pro mezioborová studia Střední Evropy 19. a 20. století. / Centre. Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies of Central Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries.

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2022

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vol. 14

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issue 2

91-111

EN

East Germany has been a member of UN HABITAT/UNCHS (United Nations Centre for Human Settlements) since the 1970s and used the organisation both as a political platform for global discussions on housing as well as to strengthen its business prospects in developing countries. From 1984, the East German delegation to HABITAT was led by Bauakademie (East Germany’s institute for architectural science). In the late 1980s, the Academy organised a seminar series under the roof of HABITAT, targeted at urban planning and architecture professionals from the Global South. Around twenty of them visited Berlin, Dessau and other cities in 1987, 1988 and 1989 and were acquainted with what was presented as achievements of the East German housing industry and policy. This article explores the rationale of the Academy as an organiser and juxtaposes its perspective with the participant’s view. Some of them openly countered the idea that East German housing and city planning practices were easily transferable to other world regions, thus challenging not only the seminar concept but also the Academy’s economic ambitions in the Global South and the underlying perceptions of progress and transferability.

16

Uczeń kontra mistrz. Rywalizacja NRD ze Związkiem Radzieckim i innymi państwami bloku wschodniego

75%

Wojtaszyn D.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2018

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issue 4(369)

73-88

EN

Sport played a special role in the political system of the GDR and was used to achieve political goals, especially in terms of diplomacy. The aim of the article is to show examples of the instrumentalization of sport in the GDR in the context of competition within the Eastern Bloc countries. In the light of the attitude of East German authorities to sport competition and the so-called sporting policythe study points to examples of competition between athletes from the GDR and the Soviet Union and other satellite states. The premise of the article is to point to the reactions of the GDR authorities to the intra-system rivalry of athletes, as well as its political foundations and attempts at instrumentalization. Politically declared friendship and close political cooperation usually did not reflect real competition, which – especially in sport and contrary to propaganda slogans – was usually extremely ruthless and uncompromising. The text is based on the research of thematic German literature and supported by analysis and interpretation of published source materials and archival research.

17

Złudne nieuwikłanie. III Rzesza w interpretacji antyfaszystowskiej — casus NRD

75%

Pietrzykowski S.

Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem

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2016

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vol. 38

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issue 3

75-99

EN

Antifascism, ahistoriographical doctrine formulated in the 30s of the twentieth century by G. Dimitrov, as aresult of the Soviet victory over the Third Reich acquired the status of official narrative in countries of the Communist Bloc. It played aparticular role in GDR as aprimary source of state’s legitimization, especially in the early postwar years. Relating on selected historical sources and extensive literature on this subject (to mention, among others, D. Diner, J. Herf, S. Kattago, A. Wolff-Powęska, K. Wóycicki, J. McLellan, M. Fulbrook) Iintend to capture the disingenuousness of East German antifascism. Making use of lies, illusion or denial, applying selectiveness on facts or specific way of their interpretation, the GDR authorities managed to integrate the society around apositive yet erroneous myth of victorious mass resistance of the German working class against fascism. What is more, such antifascism played adefensive supervisory function: „universalizing” the period of 1939–1945 as another stage of long-term rivalry between the proletariat and capitalists it discursively blurred the historical continuity between the GDR and the Third Reich, and sustained the illusion of lack of guilt for the Holocaust which actual (i.e. Jewish) specificity remained unrecognized.

18

ROMANIA’S ATTITUDE CONCERNING CMEA SPECIALIZATION (1960-1962). NEW ASSESSMENTS

75%

Stanciu C.

|

2015

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vol. 63

|

issue 4

629 - 647

EN

Is it worth exporting corn and fodder in exchange for toys and cosmetics? It was a question Gheorghiu-Dej of Romania asked himself, when confronted with increasing East German demands for agricultural exports. He was keen on overcoming underdevelopment through a vast program of industrialization in order to overcome the status of a predominantly agricultural country but he perceived his CMEA partners to be opposing this prospect. In the context of increasing economic difficulties in the Soviet bloc in the early 1960s, an idea was circulated that specialization would help increase efficiency so that Socialist countries could successfully compete on Western markets. But the meaning of specialization appeared different for each country: Gheorghiu-Dej thought that Romania deserved an equal status with other more developed nations of the Soviet bloc, but it soon became clear to him that they had different views. His perception was that the East Germans and Czechoslovaks wanted Romania to remain a provider of agricultural products and hold off its industrialization plans, but he could not accept that. This study argues that intra-CMEA competition between developed and less developed member countries played a major role in compromising the reforms planed by Moscow in the early 1960s.

19

Die Entzauberung des Westens in Julia Francks Roman Lagerfeuer

71%

Jaśkiewicz G.

Tematy i Konteksty

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2017

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vol. 12

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issue 7

402-411

PL

This text is devoted to the phenomenon of realism in postwar German novel on the example of the younger generation author Julia Franck (Born 1970). The tradition of realistic writing in German literature reaches the first half of the 19th century when mainly Georg Büchner postulated and realized realistic art. Consecutive authors, the great realists of the 19th century like Theodor Fontane saw in realism not only the reflection of reality in literature but embellishing it. After World War II great German writers like Böll, Andersch, Koeppen or Walser recalled Western Germany with its society in their realistic novels. Their characteristic feature was objectively marked narration. And Franck’s novel is this way as well. Told from the perspective of four people it shows what was „talked about”. Repatriation or escape to the West did not mean entering paradise. Runaways still experience humiliation, have to deal with the environment and themselves. The esthetic category is ugliness. And from this perspective the lives of heroes/narrators are analyzed.

20

Wizerunek Niemców w polskich obrazach filmowych okresu transformacji ustrojowej

63%

Okoński K.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2021

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vol. 65

|

issue 2

23-41

PL

In Poland, the changes started with the Round Table talks and June elections, and in the GDR with the fall of the Berlin Wall. They gained momentum with the transformation of the Polish People’s Republic into the Republic of Poland and the accession of the German Democratic Republic to the Federal Republic of Germany. These processes were reflected in literature, film, music, and even computer games. Artistic attempts to face the new reality acquired a special dimension in Germany, where the term “breakthrough literature” appeared. The international success of such productions as The Lives of Others or Goodbye, Lenin! indicates the great interest of German film directors in the subject as well. Similar attempts were made in Poland. Films appeared in which German characters – refugees from the GDR, businessmen, tourists, regime officials, or criminals – were presented in connection with the native heroes (usually in the background). An analysis of these characters allows us to look at the Polish experience of the last thirty years from a different perspective and to make a certain relativization of the changes that have occurred in Poland. In accord with Marcin Kula’s concept, the author treats selected films as “historical memory carriers” and analyzes the image of Germans in films created during the political transformation in Poland or in films that concern this period: Psy (Dogs, directed by Władysław Pasikowski), Dwadzieścia lat później (Twenty Years Later, directed by Michał Dudziewicz), Sauna (directed by Filip Bajon), Obcy musi fruwać (The Foreigner Must Go, dir. Wiesław Saniewski), Yuma (dir. Piotr Mularuk) and Wróżby kumaka (Call of the Toad, dir. Robert Gliński).

Refine search results

Czy w NRD istniała cenzura literacka? Przekształcenia i biurokratyczno-organizacyjne umocowanie urzędu kontroli literatury w NRD

Innowacyjność gospodarki RFN na tle porównawczym

Germany - Two Demographically Different States?

Streiks in der DDR: Ursachen, Abläufe und Ausmaß

Przeciwko zapomnieniu. Jürgen Fuchs i pamięć o drugiej niemieckiej dyktaturze

Dokumentarisches Erzählen in der deutschsprachigen Prosa vor und nach der Wende des Jahres 1989

„Sprache der Wende”. Przełom roku 1989 w oczach pisarzy wschodnioniemieckich

Reise in ein fernes Land. Skandalös – und doch kein Skandal

Kriegsliteratur aus der DDR und die Zensur in der Volksrepublik Polen in den ersten Nachkriegsjahren

SOCIOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE AND IDEOLOGY IN THE GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC: THE INSTITUTIONALIZATION PROCESSES OF A DISCIPLINE

Floty niemieckie w XX stuleciu. Od Kaiserliche Marine do Deutsche Marine

Sportwunderland DDR – powstanie i upadek sportowego mocarstwa

Filmowiec nie może działać wyłącznie lokalnie. Z Krzysztofem Zanussim o współpracy z kinematografią niemiecką rozmawia Ewa Ciszewska

Memory grids: Forgetting East Berlin in Krass Clement’s Photobook Venten på i går. Auf Gestern warten (2012)

“The local people do not favour residing in apartments”: Bauakademie’s UN HABITAT seminars on housing for the global South, 1987-1989

Uczeń kontra mistrz. Rywalizacja NRD ze Związkiem Radzieckim i innymi państwami bloku wschodniego

Złudne nieuwikłanie. III Rzesza w interpretacji antyfaszystowskiej — casus NRD

ROMANIA’S ATTITUDE CONCERNING CMEA SPECIALIZATION (1960-1962). NEW ASSESSMENTS

Die Entzauberung des Westens in Julia Francks Roman Lagerfeuer

Wizerunek Niemców w polskich obrazach filmowych okresu transformacji ustrojowej