Search results - CEJSH

1

Mají muži a ženy v ČR odlišné postoje k práci?

100%

Vohlidalova M.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2006

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vol. 7

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issue 1

26-32

EN

As we can support with objective evidence, the position of men and women on the Czech labour market is not equal: (i) There is an obvious gender pay gap. (ii) Women are overrepresented in lower-paid professions with lower social prestige. Many authors (e.g. Cermáková, Crompton, Bradley) concerned with explanation of the reasons of the gender inequalities on the labour market emphasize the role of structural barriers and gender stereotypes. In this paper the authoress is trying to answer the question whether it is either the existence of structural barriers or different attitudes of men and women towards work that is the cause of the obvious gender inequality on the Czech labour market. The analysis revealed that the differences in attitudes of men and women towards work are marginal and that many gender stereotypes according to which women are less ambitious employees than men are untenable. The structural barriers and gender stereotypes are thus possible to be considered as the principal causes of the gender inequalities on the Czech labour market. The findings are based on a quantitative analysis of data collected in a study of 5 510 respondents in 2005 in the Czech Republic.

2

Fakta a mýty o sexuálním obtěžování

100%

Sebestova J.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2005

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vol. 6

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issue 2

15-18

EN

The article analyses the most current myths regarding the sexual harassment in the Czech Republic. Specifically the authoress examines firstly the myth of non-existence and insignificancy which does not respect its latent nature; secondly she speaks about the myth of subjectivity and selfhood which denies the role of symbolic power and existence of unequal relations between men and women. Thirdly she identifies the myth of irrelevancy and impossibility to define the limits that denies equal moral value of all people; and finally she discusses the myth of malfeasance that denies possible serious harm caused to victims, the most frequently women. These myths are identified on the basis of qualitative analysis of focus groups with representatives of labour union. The authoress aims to confute these mentioned myths that contaminate the representation of the phenomenon of sexual harassment in the public discourse in the Czech Republic. For defence of significance of sexual harassment she elaborates the parallel with domestic violence and highlights common tendency to deny these gender based inequalities and oppression on the basis of the idea of 'natural sex relations'. (www.genderonline.cz/view.php?cisloclanku=2006020602)

3

'A JOB IN POLITICS IS NOT FOR WOMEN': ANALYSING BARRIERS TO WOMEN'S POLITICAL REPRESENTATION IN CEE 1

100%

Clavero S., Galligan Y.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2005

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vol. 41

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issue 6

979-1004

EN

This article discusses women's political representation in Central and Eastern Europe in the fifteen years after the fall of the Berlin Wall and the adoption of liberal democratic political systems in the region. It highlights the deep-seated gender stereotypes that define women primarily as wives and mothers, with electoral politics seen as an appropriate activity for men, but less so for women. The article explores the ways in which conservative attitudes on gender roles hinders the supply of, and demand for, women in the politics of Central and Eastern Europe. It also discusses the manner in which the internalisation of traditional gender norms affects women's parliamentary behaviour, as few champion women's rights in the legislatures of the region. The article also finds that links between women MPs and women's organisations are weak and fragmented, making coalition-building around agendas for women's rights problematic.

4

(IN)VISIBLE WOMEN IN POLITICAL LIFE IN SLOVAKIA

100%

Bitusikova A.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2005

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vol. 41

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issue 6

1005-1021

EN

The article deals with the questions of the (in)visibility of women in Slovak political life. The material presents statistical data on women's participation in Slovak national, regional and local politics with the support of qualitative data from interviews with women politicians and activists. The authoress looks at the reasons for the low political representation of women and the unsuccessful attempts to increase it by introducing positive mechanisms such as quotas. The primary focus is put on the representation of women in municipal politics. The authoress analyses the main reasons why women are more successful in local politics than in 'high' politics.

5

SHAME AND HONOR AS MARKS OF PROPER BEHAVIOR

100%

Granada A.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2006

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vol. 50

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issue 1-2

199-211

EN

The author looks at the dichotomy between shame and honor through references to traditional societies of the Mediterranean culture. Anthropological studies in the 1950-1980s define both concepts as morally determined social regulators. Emotions related to shame are etymologically feminine, those related to honor are masculine. Consequently, gender seems to determine what is moral. Therefore, one can venture that social expectations with regard to women evolve around notions related to shame: modesty (particularly sexual), passivity and submission. For men they evolve around notions related to honor: activism, courage and usefulness. In contemporary discourse this division translates into attaching women to the household related private sphere and placing men in the public politico-economic sphere. Such a distinction solidifies traditional social order whose role is to assist in proper functioning of the family.

6

K některým rysům demografického vývoje v České republice v závěru 20. století

100%

Fialova L.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2005

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vol. 6

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issue 1

10-14

EN

The paper examines the demographic situation in contemporary Czech society and its roots in the past. In the late 20th century there are two key development trends. Demographic model originated in 1950s (characterised by high fertility rates, high marriage rates (95%), high divorce rates (40%), low marriage age and so on) was left after the decline of socialism and the revival of original interwar model has occured since early 1990s. The second trend is approximating to the model of reproduction usual in Western Europe. This new ways of reproduction are characterised by postponing the marriage and parenthood, so called informal partnerships or unmarried (consensual) couples are becoming more frequent which also results in a growing number of birth of extra-marital children. The increase of divorce rates occurs and hence both number of incomplete families and of households including just one individual constantly grow. The improved medical care and healthier regime have led to longer life expectancies over the last fifteen years. The infant mortality figures has further improved. The authoress concludes that population development significantly influences current economic, health, legal, environmental and political conditions which create together a social environment where the demographic development occurs. (http://www.genderonline.cz/view.php?cisloclanku=2005120402)

7

REPREZENTÁCIE MUŽA A ŽENY V SÚČASNÝCH SLOVENSKÝCH HUDOBNÝCH FILMOCH URČENÝCH PRE DETI

80%

Urban M., Urban K.

Slovenské divadlo (Slovak Theatre)

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2017

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vol. 65

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issue 1

63 – 81

EN

The present study analyses the social representation of women and men in ten contemporary Slovak musical films aimed at children (Spievankovo, Fíha-tralala, Smejko a Tanculienka). An analysis of the internal and external features attributed to “men”, “women”, “boys”, and “girls” has revealed, in line with previous research, that men are associated with strength and courage and women with beauty and care. Gender also determines clothing, props. Contrary to previous findings, women in the analysed films, more often than men, display activity and dominance and take the role of moral and intellectual authorities. Men, on the other hand, are just as emotional as women. In conclusion, the author proposes a hypothesis to explain these discrepancies with the previous research.

8

K genderovým zdrojům individualizačního habitu

80%

Tomasek M.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2006

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vol. 7

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issue 1

11-15

EN

The text links the spread of the 'solo' living with the unequal arrangement of traditional households (either regarding respondents' families of origin or in view of the experience with their partners) which is taken as the essential source of longer term advance of the individualizing habitus. The qualitatively indicated categories highlight the mechanisms of the emergence and social reproduction of individualizing habitus. If the traditional gender split of space - men's public space and field of power versus women's private space of household and reproduction (Bourdieu 2000:85) is taken into account, the logical expression of the emerging individualizing habitus rests in the sphere of the 'solo' living where this habitus may spread irrespective of this given traditional split of space since individualized household represents private sphere and the given public consensus is not violated.

9

GENDER-RELATED LANGUAGE LEARNING BELIEFS IN POLISH ADOLESCENTS

80%

Piechurska-Kuciel E., Bernat E.

Linguistica Silesiana

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2009

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vol. 30

223-238

EN

The aim of the paper is to investigate language-learning beliefs of 488 (164 males and 324 females) Polish high school students in relation to their gender. Their responses to the Beliefs About Language Learning Inventory by Horwitz (1988) were explored by means of the U Mann-Whitney test. The main results show that for females English is a language of medium difficulty, but they believe they have a talent for language learning. They are also strongly motivated to learn English and ready to work hard in spite of feeling self-conscious when speaking in front of others. Males believe English is an easy language, and they are not keen to practice.

10

POSTAVENIE A KLASIFIKÁCIA DRAGU V DIELACH DRAMATICKÝCH UMENÍ

80%

Buch S.

Slovenské divadlo (Slovak Theatre)

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2021

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vol. 69

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issue 4

375 - 387

EN

In the history of the dramatic arts, it is a frequent phenomenon that characters of one sex are played by actors of the opposite sex. This phenomenon is found in cultures all over the world, with its roots probably lying in the spiritual practices of ancient cultures. The term drag, based on Polari language, is currently used to name this practice. In the light of the theories associated with rituals, the mask, and the concept of liminality, it can be stated that a person who is in drag is entering a liminal phase between the masculine and feminine worlds. This state allows the person to free himself/herself from gender stereotypes that limit the freedom and authenticity of personal expression. The intention of this paper is to present the historical development of drag and its function in human society and in the dramatic arts environment. The issue of drag in the dramatic arts has been mostly marginalised in scientific literature. The occasional works that have dealt with it have mostly not traced the distinct nature of individual manifestations, but have examined drag as an internally homogeneous phenomenon. Our work presents an internal classification of drag in the dramatic arts, with an ambition of better understanding the individual manifestations of drag, tracing their historical development and their socio-artistic function.

11

Identyfikowanie płci i ocenianie szefów na podstawie ich autoprezentacji, dokonywane przez osoby z rożnym doświadczeniem zawodowym

80%

Elżbieta S.

Psychologia Społeczna

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2008

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vol. 3

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issue 2(7)

151-166

EN

Candidates for jobs usually present themselves by writing their CVs and by emphasizing their strong sides. This study investigated the extent to which modest or boastful, stereotype-consistent or stereotype-inconsistent self-presentations of male and female candidates for the role of managers are effective and create a favorable impression upon employees. Participants were males and females, differing in their professional experience: students vs. persons employed in stereotype-consistent i.e. feminine or masculine, or gender neutral jobs. Participants were asked to identify gender of potential employers and judge attractiveness and usefulness for a position of a manager of male and female candidates who presented themselves either in the boastful or in the modest way and who emphasized either their competences or interpersonal skills. Both age and gender of participants affected their judgments. students showed a stronger tendency than employed persons to judge the prospective managers on the basis of stereotypical traits, and women judged a female who boasted in the instrumental area as less suitable for the role of manager than men did. Candidates who were boastful in the interpersonal area were selected for the role of manager more often than those who were boastful in the instrumental area, and this was independent of the sex and age of participants.

12

Životní styl rodin s otci na rodičovské dovolené

80%

Nesporova O.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2006

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vol. 7

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issue 1

32-36

EN

The article provides information on parental leave taken by fathers in the Czech Republic in comparison with the situation in other European countries. Above all, a concrete assessment based on the experience of families in which men have already taken advantage of parental leave are described; only briefly are mentioned attitudes of Czech parents generally towards parental leave taken by fathers. It introduces life-style of Czech families with fathers using parental leave on the basis of conducted qualitative research. The main stress is put on the actors' point of view, which is presented in relation with broader social context, especially in the field of gender roles and reconciliation of family and work life. As an example, one case study was presented to point out the trends of new fatherhood and life-style of the families where father is taking parental leave. It has been found that families in which fathers have used parental leave for some period of time appreciate the experience on the whole.

13

THE CONDITIONS OF PARENTHOOD IN ORGANISATIONS: AN INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON

80%

Krizkova A., Marikova H., Dudova R., Sloboda Z.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2009

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vol. 45

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issue 3

519-548

EN

The paper focuses on organisations and the conditions for working parents in terms of combining work and care and how those conditions are set up and negotiated in organisations. The research draws on three case studies comparing pairs of companies active in the Czech Republic and in one of the following countries - Germany, France, and Sweden - in the field of engineering. The goal is to explore in depth the conditions that Czech working parents are faced with and that derive from the organisational processes and means and dynamics of negotiating conditions for working parents, and to compare them with the conditions in other countries and identify the sources of variability of these conditions. Important differences between a company's family-friendly practices in its home country and in its Czech branches are primarily determined by the differences in the way in which welfare regimes are set up in individual countries. In addition, the authors identify the following five main interlinked factors explaining the variability of family-friendly policies and practices in organisations: parental (maternity) ideologies, the organisational culture of non-discrimination and equal opportunities, the actors' activity in work relations, the role of trade unions in negotiations, and the given organisation's experience with employees-parents.

14

IMPACT OF SOME RISK FACTORS ON THE AMOUNT OF PENSION FROM THE THIRD PILLAR PENSION

80%

Špirková J., Spišiaková M.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

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2014

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vol. 62

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issue 1

71 – 82

EN

This paper brings an analysis of the impact of banning the use of gender in insurance, with special focus on supplementary pension saving called also third pillar pension, according to the requirements of the European Court of Justice. By means of actuarial formulas of monthly paid annuities and also mortality tables, it models and analyses the amounts of pension annuities in the designed products of the third pillar pension.

15

Náboženství a pohlaví: Proč jsou ženy zbožnější než muži?

80%

Hamplová D.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2011

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vol. 47

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issue 2

297-324

EN

This article looks at the differences in the religiosity of men and women. First, it outlines the main sociological theories that explain these differences. Afterwards, it examines the differences in the religiosity of Czech men and women in the ISSP 2008 and the DIN 2006 surveys. The analyses show that Czech women are more religious than Czech men in every measure of religiosity, but do not indicate that these differences can be explained by economic activity or social deprivation measured as a subjective assessment of social status. Some of the differences can, however, be ascribed to differences in religious socialisation in childhood.

16

HOW DO TODAY´S CZECH ADULTS SPLIT THE HOUSEHOLD CHORES? ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOUR

80%

Chromková Manea B.-E., Fučík P.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2022

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vol. 54

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issue 4

325 – 351

EN

Sociologists are often questioning the differences between gender roles/norms and actual behaviour in the adult population. The purpose of this paper is to explore to what extent attitudes toward gender roles correspond with adults’ participation in various domestic chores, pointing to the differences between men and women in general and within couples in the Czech Republic. We aim to find whether attitudes indicating gender roles equality are reflected in the real behaviour. Our findings indicate certain discrepancies between attitudes and behaviour. Although the attitudes expressed by the respondents appear to lead to more gender equality, their reflection in everyday life is weak. The inclination to equality in the answers to attitudinal questions did not significantly influence the equal distribution of unpaid domestic work, nor did it influence the difference between the works done by each partner in the couple. Furthermore, the results point to the fact that discrepancies do not differentiate by attained educational level (it is an argument against the status differentiation). It requires in further research to look at the factors that allow men and women to handle the demands specific for the different stages in their life.

17

Genderové aspekty neúspěchu českých návrhů zákonů upravujících náhradní výživné na dítě

80%

Havelkova B., Cidlinska K.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2010

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vol. 11

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issue 1

60-73

EN

Many European states, including the Czech Republic, face a high default rate on child support payments. In combination with a high divorce rate and, in some states, ineffective law enforcement, this has become a dire problem and one that has gender repercussions. In an effort to solve this situation, almost half of the EU member states have adopted a system of state advances on child maintenance. The Czech Republic is not one of them. The article discusses why all three attempts to pass such a law have failed in the Czech Republic. Is there an alternative measure fulfilling this role? Have the proposed bills been deficient in some way? Or is something else obstructing the adoption of a bill? The authors argue that, while the proposed bills could be criticised for minor technical or conceptual imperfections, the parliamentary debates on these bills indicate a more deeply rooted opposition. Manifestations of three main positions are identified: economic liberalism, social conservatism, and gender stereotypes.

18

Gender, Machiavellianism, study major, and fear of success

80%

Mandal E.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2007

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vol. 38

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issue 1

40-49

EN

The paper presents the results of research of fear of success in Polish students. The subjects were 208 university students of psychology, pedagogy, political science and physical education at the School of Physical Education. The projective method by Horner (1972, 1978) was used. The analysed variables were: sex, study major, average marks, locus of control, Machiavellianism, masculinity and femininity. Fear of success was observed in more than half of the investigated students - more frequently in men (62%) than in women (48%). In men the fear of success occurred more frequently and intensely. In the multiple regression analyses showed that sex (male) and Machiavellianism are predictors of the fear of success. The fear of success occurred the least frequently in the students of physical education.

19

Perspektywa gender w socjologii a tlumaczenia

80%

Desperak I.

Przegląd Socjologii Jakościowej

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2011

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vol. 7

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issue 2

84-93

EN

Paper focuses on the role of translation in building and widening of sociological horizon. It points out the significance of quantity, quality, up-to-dateness, availability, and indispensability of translations. It also analyses functions of didactic texts' (textbooks and readers) translations defining, together with academic publications, the borders of sociological mainstream canons. The paper shows how translations have broadened sociological mainstream by gender perspective, and mentions crucial translations from this field. The analysis includes examples of texts not present in the canon - still not translated into Polish or translated too late, and those translated early enough to enter the canon.

20

Rozdělení domácích prací v rodinách s dětmi

80%

Bierzova J.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2006

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vol. 7

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issue 1

19-26

EN

The study examines the division of household labour in Czech families with underage children and gender differences in the extent and type of household activities. The paper discusses the different approaches to explaining the division of household labour as well as criticisms of these approaches. The neoclassical economic theory of rational choice, the relative resources theory, the time availability hypotheses, the gender ideology approach and the socialisation theories are presented. The theoretical part is followed by an analysis of data from sociological survey of the families with underage children. This survey confirmed that women's overall household labour time is far greater than men's. Men spent an average of 1.83 hours a day on housework, compared to an average of 4.1 hours each day for women. The number of hours spent on housework is mostly dependent on gender and income. Women do the majority of the household task (including preparing meals, washing, ironing, cleaning house and so on), men are mostly responsible for minor repairs.

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