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1
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SKLENÉ KORÁLIKY KYJATICKEJ KULTÚRY

100%
Mitáš V., Soják M.
Študijné zvesti
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2009
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issue 45
91 - 93
EN
The paper deals with the glass beads of Kyjatice culture. This paper summarizes and interprets the glass beads from the two cremation burial grounds (Dvorníky-Včeláre, Radzovce) and from the cave (Háj-Kostrová) from the south of the Middle and East Slovakia.
2

Zwischen der Chronologie und Funktion. Horizont(?) der Gräber mit Glasperlen auf den Gräberfeldern der späten Phase der Tarnobrzeg Lausitzer Kultur

100%
Czopek S.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
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2011
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vol. 63
115-134
EN
Author considers chronology and social interpretation of graves with glass beads on cemeteries of the late phase of Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture in south-eastern Poland. He recognizes them as a ritualized reflection of higher social status heritage among some mothers and daughters. Probably it functioned only during a short piece of time at the end of Hallstatt Period and/or at the beginning of La Tene Period of the Iron Age.
3
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SKLENÉ KORÁLIKY V OBDOBÍ POPOLNICOVÝCH POLÍ NA SLOVENSKU. STAV VÝSKUMU

100%
Furmánek V., Horňák M., Mitáš V.
Študijné zvesti
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2009
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issue 45
79 - 90
EN
The paper deals with the oldest glass products in the Slovak territory, which are glass beads. On this occasion there is pointed out their occurrence in the individual cultural complexes of the urnfields, the status of research as well as the possibilities of research in the given issue. The first finds of glass beads in urnfields in Slovakia occur in the Middle Bronze Age. They occur in all cultural complexes of urnfields in the Young Bronze Age. Just in this period we record their largest distribution. The appearance of glass beads markedly decreased in the Late Bronze Age. The glass beads are known mainly from the cemeteries. They are almost homogeneous from the typological view. They are unserviceable for the dating of archaeological features. In the present status of research the question of the glass beads provenance remains still opened.
4
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SKLENÉ KORÁLIKY NA KROJOCH ZÁHORIA

100%
Zajíčková M.
Študijné zvesti
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2009
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issue 46
231 - 232
EN
Brief information on embroideries at folk costumes at Záhorie decorated with glass beads, colloquially referred to as “oves”, the “ovsovanie” embroidery technique. Another way of glass usage for the costume decoration was small pieces of mirror, colloquially referred to as “špígeuka”. This decoration was used at Záhorie mainly in the Chvojnická dolina valley (villages of Lopašov, Radošovce, Oreské, Dubovce, Trnovec, Popudinské Močidľany, Chropov, Holíč, Mokrý Háj, Kopčany and Kátov), in the vicinity of Unín (villages of Unín, Radimov and Štefanov) and in Jablonica and its surroundings (Hradište pod Vrátnom, Osuské, Cerová and Rozbehy) from the 1930s.
5
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SKLENÉ KORÁLIKY Z DOBY HALŠTATSKEJ NA VÝCHODNOM SLOVENSKU

100%
Miroššayová E., Olexa L.
Študijné zvesti
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2009
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issue 45
99 - 103
EN
Finds of glass beads from Eastern Slovakia are recorded on several sites. An undecorated red-brown bead from the burial ground in Vojnatina, distr. of Sobrance, from the end of the Bronze Age or the beginning of the Hallstatt period belongs to the oldest finds. Other specimens belong to the young and the late Hallstatt period. The largest collection of glass beads of various types comes from the cemetery in Ždaňa, distr. of Košice-okolie, on the basis of existing finds; this cemetery has been provisionally dated back to the HD stage. Among the glass beads from Eastern Slovakia, types chronologically comparable to finds in the Vekerzug culture within the Carpathian Basin prevail considerably. In a wider cultural context, these glass beads can be compared to the finds from the East-Hallstatt sphere. The specimens from the late Hallstatt settlement in Rad, distr. of Trebišov, rang among rare types with some analogies in the cultures north and east of the Carpathians.
6

SKLENÉ KORÁLIKY DOBY BRONZOVEJ A HALŠTATSKEJ NA SLOVENSKU A STANOVENIE ICH FYZIKÁLNYCH CHARAKTERISTÍK

100%
Benediková L., Miroššayová E., Stegmann-Rajtár S., Illášová Ľ., Štubňa J.
Studia Historica Nitriensia
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2021
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vol. 25
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issue 1
3 – 46
EN
The aim of the submitted study is to determine physical characteristics on selected groups of glass beads from the Early Bronze Age (HA) and the Hallstatt period (HC, HD) from northern, southwestern and southeastern Slovakia by means of non-destructive methods. We obtained data on the character of the glass beads’ quality using a binocular magnifier, microscope, Raman spectroscopy, absorbtion spectroscopy (UV-VIS-NIR), The analyzed collection of beads (from the burial grounds in Chotín, Ždaňa, Ilava, the cave settlement of Háj and the hillfort in Smolenice) contained various colour variants of glass beads (blue, green, yellow and black; brown clay or clay/ceramic beads are reported too) as well as various shapes. From the total number of analyzed beads (161 exemplars), clay or combined clay/ceramic beads are most frequent (74 exemplars). 16 exemplars were made of amber, one was made of another material and 70 exemplars were glass beads. Basic physical quantities were studied on black, blue, green and yellow glass beads.
7
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SKLENÉ KORÁLIKY A ZVYŠKY SKLA Z GERMÁNSKEHO ŽIAROVÉHO POHREBISKA VO VEĽKOM CETÍNE

100%
Ruttkayová J.
Študijné zvesti
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2009
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issue 45
175 - 180
EN
Glass beads and remains of glass vessels were discovered at the Germanic cremation burial ground in Veľký Cetín that was dated to the Roman period (the 2nd/3rd or 4th century AD). In Veľký Cetín, the beads were found in ten graves mostly one bead at the grave. In the glass beads assemblage blue ones are prevailing, green beads were found in two graves, three beads together and two white significantly burnt beads were in two graves too. As their shapes are concerned, we have divided the beads from the burial ground in Cetín according to M. Tempelmann-Maczyńska´s typology. Except of several characteristic types, beads cannot indicate a grave chronology more precisely. Only when reliably datable artefacts are absent, beads can help dating a grave inventory in outline. Globular beads are the most numerous. Apart from the glass beads, fragment of a glass vessel, a disc-shaped bottom with reinforced ring-shaped rim made of greenish glass and a glass disc-shaped artefact made of violet translucent glass - so-called calculi, a playing stone (collection) were discovered at the burial ground. Some graves included glass remains, often shapeless.
8

LA TENE GLASS ORNAMENTS FROM SPISZ

88%
Brezinova G., Sojak M.
Acta Archaeologica Carpathica
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2005
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vol. 40
63-78
EN
This is a presentation of the La Tene glass ornaments found in the course of comprehensive excavation work in Spisz (Slovak Spis, German Zips) in Northern Slovakia. The project, carried out in the 1990s and in 2003, was directed by M. and O. Soják. Among the decorative glass objects there are 13 bracelet fragments from three sites and 52 beads from eight sites. The biggest collections come from Jánovce-Machalovce (9 bracelets and 38 beads) and Zehra (3 bracelets and 12 beads). The presence of such large numbers of luxury glass objects indicates the relatively high material status of the population of settlements dated LTC1/C2 to LTD. The affluence of Spisz offers a strong contrast to other regions of present-day Slovakia, where the number of comparable glass ornaments is quite small.
9
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NÁLEZY SKLA ZO ZÁCHRANNÉHO VÝSKUMU V ZLATÝCH MORAVCIACH

88%
Bielich M.
Študijné zvesti
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2009
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issue 46
51 - 54
EN
The salvage archaeological excavations were realised at Janko Kráľ square in Zlaté Moravce. Traces of prehistoric settlement (the Neolithic) were found together with a modern cemetery and a settlement object. In the Object 1 fragments of glass bottle-shaped vessels, legged bowls and small vessels from the 17th century were revealed. At the cemetery 17 graves have been documented that sketched a modern society picture. The grave 12A with burial of a young woman included a bonnet originally embroidered with small glass beads of blue, white, green and yellow colours. The bonnet probably represents a national costume from the turn of 17th and 18th cent. A bronze welt that had made the bonnet fixed preserved also fragments of fabric and tapes from its skeleton. The high-quality glass and beads shapes are documenting advanced technology of glass products of this type. In spite of its small extent, the salvage excavation in Zlaté Moravce has brought results that enriched recent knowledge of life at the Zlaté Moravce site in the incipient modern era.
10

PETROGRAPHIC METHODS IN THE STUDY OF HALLSTATT GLASS BEAD MANUFACTURING TECHNIQUES (Badania techniki wyrobu paciorków szklanych okresu halsztackiego metodami petrograficznymi)

75%
Purowski T.
Archeologia Polski
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2008
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vol. 53
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issue 1
7-24
EN
Studies of techniques used for the manufacture of glass beads discovered at Lusatian sites are not much advanced. To date, it has been established solely that some of the beads from several sites were produced by the winding technique. Some beads from Wicina underwent additional treatment. Not all Hallstatt period beads bear evidence of the manufacturing technique. The glass is usually poorly transparent or of such good quality that no faults can be seen in the glass mass to suggest the character of these techniques. The forming in the case of these beads is commendable for its quality and it is clear that additional treatment had in most cases removed all traces of technical processes of manufacture. An effort was made to see whether the petrographic method can be of use in determining the production techniques. The method calls for examining thin sections cut from a given object in order to observe its internal structure under a microscope. Five beads (of HaD period) from Wicina stronghold were examiined. Three of these were of clearly transparent and the other two of poorly transparent glass. Three had the canal opening surfaces smoothened. Eight thin sections were cut: a transverse one, positioned perpendicularly to the long axis of the canal opening, for all five beads, and another longitudinal one, parallel to this axis, for three of them. The thin sections were then examined under a polarizing microscope. Nothing but a few small, mostly round gas bubbles could be observed in the sections of bead no. 5. Also the transverse section of bead no.19 revealed just single round gas bubbles. As for bead no. 29, both thin sections demonstrated many round gas bubbles of different size. The horizontal section also showed concentric trails around the canal opening, telltale signs of the winding technique used in its production. Bead no. 45 was made by a similar technique; the transverse section displayed many round gas bubbles accompanied by a few that were slightly ellipsoid in shape, arranged perpendicularly or at an oblique angle toward the canal axis. Both sections of bead no. 61 presented primarily very numerous round gas bubbles of different size. A magnified view of the same section revealed fine trails laid concentrically around the canal opening, as well as single slightly ellipsoid bubbles arranged obliquely, again proof of the winding technique in operation. In the case of this bead, the flat canal opening surfaces should be noted, evidently cut off and smoothened by the beadmaker. The results of the examination of petrographic thin sections of five glass beads from the Wicina have demonstrated the usefulness of the method in determining bead-making techniques attributed to the Halstatt period. In three cases, innumerous ellipsoid gas bubbles and trails betrayed the use of a winding technique - winding the glass mass on a rod - for the manufacture. In the other two cases, there were no features that could be interpreted but the glass of these beads, clearly transparent and greenish in color, was of very high quality (well melted and cleared) and the objects had undergone additional treatment, like cutting off, smoothening and grinding away any surface evidence of manufacturing technique. 13 Figures, 1 Table.
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