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The paper discusses the perception and the level of barbarism of the tribes on this fringe of the Greek world as perceived in Greece and most notably in Athens, beginning with the explanation of their political status and degree of dependence after Philip II and during Alexander the Great's Asian campaign. How much barbarian the Odrysians were perceived depended much of the actual political situation, but generally they were accepted as important partners in the politics of the Second Athenian empire.
EN
The paper demonstrates yet again how difficult it is to interpret the settlement at Vetren. It re-emphasises the view that this is more likely to have been the residence of a local ruler, in which Greek craftsmen also resided, than the Greek Emporion Pistiros.
EN
Hellenistic science was centred in the city of Alexandria in Ptolemaic Egypt. It flourished there for three centuries. Many of works of its representatives were preserved to our times. These works show that predominant majority of the ancient scholars used observation and deductive reasoning exclusively to explain natural phenomena. They did not verify the theoretical conclusions of their reasoning by means of simple experiments. This approach caused that alongside with objective conclusions the works of ancient Greek scholars contain also many erroneous ones. The root of this approach lies in abstract tradition of Greek thinking and its distrust to experience coming out off sensory perceptions. In a modified form of a system of deductive logics, this approach was implanted into Hellenistic science through the authority of Aristotle. On the other hand we can find traces of experimental approach in the works of Pythagoras, Archimedes and Heron of Alexandria.
EN
The article summarizes the evidence of Etruscan, Greek, Phoenician and Early Roman imports in La Tène period of Bohemia and Moravia. Pottery, bronze vessels and other objects and glass are discussed, also coins and the Mediterranean elements in architecture and crafts.
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