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PL
Kluczowym zagadnieniem podjętym w artykule jest kontrowersyjna wymowa szkicu publicystycznego Gabrieli Zapolskiej „W sprawie emancypacji”, który powstał jako reakcja na obroniony na Sorbonie doktorat lekarki Karoliny Szulcówny. W tekście tym wyraziła pisarka swoje życiowe credo: „Kobietą jestem – i tylko... kobietą chcę zostać do zgonu”, przekonując czytelników „Kuriera Warszawskiego” do tezy o niezmienności uwarunkowanych biologicznie, religijnie i kulturowo zasad rządzących podziałem ról ze względu na płeć. Gloryfikując mężczyzn i aprobując ich wyższość nad kobietami, tym ostatnim wyznaczyła miejsce w kręgu rodzinnym, jako żonom i matkom, odbierając im możliwość wyższej edukacji i znaczenia poza wąskim kręgiem familijnym. Szkic, już kilkakrotnie komentowany przez badaczy, został w artykule poddany ponownej interpretacji, opatrzonej nowymi kontekstami.
EN
The key issue discussed in the paper is a controversial significance of Gabriela Zapolska’s journalistic sketch “W sprawie emancypacji” (“About Emancipation”), composed as a reaction to a medicine doctor Karolina Szulcówna’s doctoral dissertation defended in the Sorbonne. In the text, Zapolska formulated her life credo: “Kobietą jestem – i tylko... kobietą chcę zostać do zgonu [I am a woman and I only... want to remain a woman until my death],” convincing the readers of “Kurier Warszawski” (“Warsaw Courier”) to believe into invariability of biologically, religiously and culturally sanctioned principles that govern the sex-dependent roles. Glorifying males and approving their superiority over females, she places women within family circle and deprives them of the possibility of higher education as well as of any importance outside family sphere. Zapolska’s sketch, to this day commented several times, is here subject of yet another interpretation equipped with new contexts.
EN
The study attempts to analyse interpersonal relations between nations in modernist Lviv and the existential situation of the city in this period. It shows, from the comparative perspective, how Gabriela Zapolska treats literary and anthropological space in Lviv, how she draws the portrait of society in Galicia and constructs a mental map which presents a modern, hybrid, multiethnic city. The text exposes mental, anthropological and linguistic problems in Zapolska’s writings. The analysis is based on Zapolska’s novels, but also on her drama and autobiographical discourse which help to understand the true meaning of “the identity of modernist Lviv”. Zapolska shows a deep awareness of political and social stratifications in a city, as well as of subconscious relations between citizens and of family crisis which is portrayed as a crisis of culture. She tries to build the literary vision of the modern city which is composed of various poetics and languages. Her writing creates a panorama of nationalities (Polish, German, Jewish, Ukrainian, Czech) and of economic, social and interpersonal relations during the second half of the 19th century and at the turn of the centuries.
EN
The article is an attempt to present the divisions in Gabriela Zapolska’s Sezonowa miłość [Seasonal Love] focusing on two areas: the world presented and references to reality. The world presented is divided into space (opposition between city, nature and culture) and the protagonists. References to reality focus on the topography of both Zakopane and the Tatras.
EN
The article in an attempt to translate the feminist critique onto the language of school practice. The author undertakes an attempt of a feminist reading of Pani Dulska by Gabriela Zapolska. She indicates that this way of reading is effective for teaching literature at school. It significantly broadens the interpretative possibilities and outlines the cultural and social spectrum of gender roles.
EN
At the turn of the century theater scene was a dream of many people. Popularized by all means the myth of the stars radiant with halo of fame pushes in the shadow carded everyday life. Despite evidence of the cult actress profession widely considered to be humiliating, degrading, and above all immoral. The modernist breakthrough in Polish theater was largely the work of artists of the marginalized social structures. Gabriela Zapolska — woman marked by family, sociable and social ostracism — in her plays condemns intolerance and social callousness. Solidarity with the wronged and humiliated exposes the hypocrisy of the bourgeois world. "Panna Maliczewska" is the art of revealing the drama of a young actress who for success in the theater decides first to be the elderly lawyer’s mistress and then his friend’s. Described by Zapolska story demonstrates how difficult it was to occur on Parnassus and the more hold on it. She knew this perfectly well being the author herself, with the ferocity and tenacity fighting for her position in the theater and the environment. As an actress and writer she played a significant role in shaping the tastes of the public and the equalization of social differences.
EN
The article presents the bilingual French-Polish publication, entitled La Morale de Madame Dulska. Moralność Pani Dulskiej (2011). Editors of the volume (Danuta Knysz-Tomaszewska, Grzegorz Bąbiak and Cécile Bocianowski) invited representatives of various universities to join the project, among them: Paris III Sorbonne (Elżbieta Koślacz-Virol), Paris IV Sorbonne (Danièle Chauvin) and University of Warsaw (Tomasz Wójcik). The play was translated by: Krzysztof Jeżewski – translator of Polish poetry into the French, also Elżbieta Koślacz-Virol, author of the book on Gabriela Zapolska published in France. La Morale de Madame Dulskawas based on the translation by Paul Cazin (1881-1963).The French-Polish publishing initiative has been based on a copy of Paul Cazin’s manuscript donated by his widow, Juliette Monfet, in the late 1970s.
EN
The article presents the biography of Jan Andruszewski – a physician, social activist, and writer – and his literary works, which were created in the first three decades of the 20th century. He was a graduate of the Jagiellonian University, holding a medical degree, and worked in Zakopane, Lviv, Kosów, and Smolino. The shaping of his literary creativity was influenced by new artistic and aesthetic currents at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, as well as the most important artistic circles of the Young Poland movement, with which he was associated during his studies and professional career in Kraków, Zakopane, and Lviv. He mainly wrote short narrative forms such as stories, novellas, and sketches, but also wrote a novel and co-authored two plays.
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano biografię Jana Andruszewskiego – lekarza, społecznika i pisarza, oraz jego dorobek literacki, który powstawał w trzech pierwszych dekadach XX w. Był absolwentem Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, doktorem medycyny, pracował w Zakopanem, Lwowie, Kosowie i Smolinie. Wpływ na kształt jego twórczości literackiej miały nowe prądy artystyczne i estetyczne przełomu XIX i XX w. oraz najważniejsze środowiska artystyczne Młodej Polski, z którymi był związany w czasie studiów i pracy zawodowej – Kraków, Zakopane i Lwów. Tworzył głównie małe formy narracyjne (opowiadania, nowele, obrazki), napisał również powieść i był współautorem dwóch dramatów.
Pamiętnik Literacki
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2015
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vol. 106
|
issue 4
240-244
PL
Autorka omawia edycję "Niedrukowane dramaty Gabrieli Zapolskiej". Podkreśla, iż edycję przygotowano wzorowo. Tom 1 zawiera dramaty: "Nerwowa awantura" i "Pariasy. Szkice sceniczne", a tom 2 – dramaty "Carewicz" oraz "Asystent". W recenzji podkreślono znaczenie dramatów Zapolskiej dla polskiej i europejskiej kultury początku XX wieku. Np. Carewicz Zapolskiej został zaadaptowany na libretto opery Ferenca Lehára.
EN
The author reviews the edition of "Niedrukowane dramaty Gabrieli Zapolskiej" ("Gabriela Zapolska’s Unpublished Dramas") and remarks that it is of exemplary fashion. Its first volume contains the following dramas: "Nerwowa awantura" ("A Nervous Commotion") and "Pariasy. Szkice sceniczne" ("Opressed. Stage Sketches"), while the second one – "Carewicz" ("Czarevitch") and "Asystent" ("Assistant"). The review stresses the significance of Zapolska’s dramas to Polish and European culture at the beginning of the 20th century; Czarevitch, for example, was adapted for Ferenc Lehár’s opera libretto.
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