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Brytyjskie wybory do Izby Gmin w 2017 roku wobec procesu wyjścia Zjednoczonego Królestwa z Unii Europejskiej

100%

Czapiewski T.

Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs

2018

vol. 3

51-74

The aim of the article is to analyze the 2017 United Kingdom general election, that took place in June 2017, in the context of Brexit, as the process of impending withdrawal of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU) is customarily called. The author aimed to verify the hypothesis, frequently proclaimed especially at the beginning of the campaign, that the Brexit was the main issue of this election. This verification was carried out through various analysis of the behavior of political actors (manifestos, campaign activities, statements in social media, etc.), but also social expectations (what citizens consider, according to declarations, as important, what motivated them when making choice, especially in the case of people who had changed their party preferences). The basic conclusion is that the campaign before the 2017 election brought very little to the Brexit debate, and political actors, contrary to the original announcements, dealt with the problem superficially. On the other hand, the political landscape, especially the voters’ decisions, are strongly determined by the division revealed by the referendum and its consequences. It is debatable whether this division is deeper, and the Brexit referendum was just one of its manifestations. Formulating specific propositions about Brexit was not the goal of the campaign of the two main parties, but only the instrument justifying the decision about snap election and serving to communicate and strengthen the basic slogans of the campaign – strong leadership for difficult times or return to a policy of redistribution and solidarity. An effective instrument, taking into accountthe fact that the dominance of the two main parties in the election has been the largest in nearly 50 years.

Referendum niepodległościowe w Szkocji jako klęska i triumf Szkockiej Partii Narodowej

88%

Czapiewski T.

Przegląd Zachodni

2016

issue 1(358)

117-132

This article aims to explain the seemingly paradoxical process of the strengthening of the Scottish National Party in the period immediately after the Scottish independence referendum in 2014. The main reasons are the processes of polarization and consolidation of the SNP and unionist parties around the binary choice - yes or no to independence. The most important circumstances contributing to the phenomenon include: growing aversion to the institutions of British democracy; crisis of the Scottish Labour Party in terms of organization, personnel and program; popularity of the new leader and the effective change of leadership within the SNP, as well as far-reaching effects of the Unionists' campaign referred to as "Project Fear". Additionally, we can also mention: surge in civic activism as a result of the referendum campaign, a more favorable attitude of the media, austerity policies of the Tory government in London, country-level crisis of the Liberal Democrats and tactical considerations: a widespread expectation of a House of Commons without a one-party majority and the territorial distribution of electoral support for the SNP - beneficial in the context of a majoritarian system. 2015 is the year when the political momentum in Scotland changed, and it clearly favoured SNP and supporters of independence. The results of the independence referendum were only for a short time widely regarded as conclusive for decades. When making predictions one should remember that Scottish possibilities of independence are determined not only by factors such as national identity and constitutional disputes, but also by assessment of the functioning of political parties and public policies, and increasingly by the international context (United Kingdom European Union membership referendum).

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1 Przegląd Zachodni

1 Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs

2 Czapiewski T.

1 2018

1 2016

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Brytyjskie wybory do Izby Gmin w 2017 roku wobec procesu wyjścia Zjednoczonego Królestwa z Unii Europejskiej

Referendum niepodległościowe w Szkocji jako klęska i triumf Szkockiej Partii Narodowej